Test 5 - Chapters 15, 17, & 19 Flashcards
Pharmacological agents found to affect the individual’s psychological functioning
psychoactive agents
A technique used by cognitive-behavioural therapists to encourage clients to become aware of, and to question, their assumption, expectations, attributions, and automatic thoughts
cognitive restructuring
In provincial mental health law, the involuntary hospitalization of people suffering from mental health
civil commitment
the first group of psychologists involved in the legal system. They provide opinions to the court or tribunal due to their specialized knowledge
‘accidental visitors’
An area of specialization in psychology that focuses on the application of research and practice to matters of law, including proceedings in criminal or civil courts or in front of quasi-judicial bodies such as administration boards and tribunals
forensic psychologist
A standard of insanity defined by the case of Regina v. Naghten (1843) that became the accepted rule in England, the United States, and Canada. In today’s interpretation of the standard, 1) the accused must have been suffering from a mental disorder
2) he or she must not have known at least one of two things: the nature and quality of the act and that what he or she was doing was wrong. Also referred to as the “cognitive” test of insanity.
M’Naghten standard
NCRMD
Not Criminally Responsible on account of Mental Disorder
People who are able to participate actively & effectively in their own defence.
fit to stand trial
The most common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence is
A) behavioural inhibitions (BI)
B) Minimal brain dysfunction (MBD)
C) Attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD)
D) Hyperactive disorder (HD)
C) Attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD)
Stimulant medications such as Ritalin are often used in the treatment of children with ADHD. These medications:
A) are the most effective with the more difficult causes
B) Improve hyperactive, impulsive, disruptive and socially inappropriate behaviours
C) are most effective only if combined with other forms of treatment
D) require more rigorous research to determine the extent of their benefits
B) Improve hyperactive, impulsive, disruptive and socially inappropriate behaviours
Although medication may improve behaviour, ADHD children may need additional special help to improve
A) Academic Behaviour
B) Social Behaviour
C) Classroom behaviour
D) Attention
A) Academic Behaviour
The most effective psychological interventions used to treat children with ADHD likely
A) focus on reducing the negative behaviours such as impulsivity and inattention
B) Should focus on training the parents, since psychological treatments with the children do not usually work
C) Help children to enhance their self motivation and working memory
D) include group therapy and intensive counseling
C) Help children to enhance their self motivation and working memory
A widely used and studied medication to treat SAD is
A) SSRI medications
B) methylphenidate
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Tricyclic Depressants
A) SSRI medications
Electroconvulsive therapy:
A) was first used in the 1930’s to treat severe depression only
B) Identifies cardiac failure as its most prominent side effect
C) has recently opted for shorter courses of treatment
D) has only recently chosen to apply higher and more intense currents during treatment
C) has recently opted for shorter courses of treatment
The development of phenothiazines and related major tranquilizers:
A) offered the possibility of reducing psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations
B) Helped formerly institutionalized patients to return to the community
C) made possible the policy of deinstitutionalization
D) all of the above
A) offered the possibility of reducing psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations
Stimulants are used to treat children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders
A) true
B) false
A) true
Which of the following best summarizes the current status of psychoactive medication?
A) It has excellent curative properties
B) It effectively guards against relapse and chronic disorder, even without concomitant psychotherapy
C) It is effective for symptom control
D) It is generally highly inefficient
C) It is effective for symptom control
Mental health acts:
A) are legislated by the federal government
B) Differ from province to province, and contain few if any similar elements
C) are known to vary from province to province
D) both a and b
C) are known to vary from province to province
Under the provincial mental health acts, a _____________ is required to perform an examination of the patient
A) a physician or psychiatrist
B) a clinical psychologist
C) a judge, with the assistance of a psychiatrist
D) a psychiatrist is the only person allowed to perform the examination
A) a physician or psychiatrist
difficulties in assessing/treating children:
Difficulties arise b/c different symptoms arise based on his/her age. Youth are influenced by their environment. Due to less autonomy symptoms influence presenting features of impairment. Info is gathered from parents, teachers, and most times symptoms don’t always agree.
symptoms of ADHD:
grouped into 3 categories: hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity <- primary symptoms
motorically and often verbally hyperactive, have problems maintaining their focus in conversations and activities, and show impulsive or erratic behaviour
causes of ADHD
There is a strong biological basis for ADHD in that many symptoms are related to delays or abnormalities in the development of the connections between emotional and motor areas of the brain.
psychological treatment for ADHD:
Parents learn about the importance of routines, physical exercise, and supervised or planned activities to occupy the child. They also learn about what to expect in terms of tempers and other intrusive impulsive behaviours so that the parent can identify what is within the child’s control.
CD and ODD symptoms
ODD (oppositional defiant disorder) - frequently argue with adults, have many temper tantrums, deliberately annoy others, are spiteful and vindictive, and do not take responsibilities for their own actions
CD (conduct disorder) - characterized by patterns of hostile behaviour
DSM-IV-TR symptoms of aggression toward people and animals in CD:
- Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others
- often initiates physical fights
- has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others
- has been physically cruel to people
- has been physically cruel to animals
- has stolen while confronting a victim
- has forced someone into sexual activity
separation anxiety disorder symptoms:
They are fearful of new situations and of meeting new people, as these are unknowns that create a heightened sense of insecurity. they also have difficulty with transitions, fearful, timid, angry, and irritable or throw temper tantrums when forced to confront stressful situations or on the edge most of the time; however, calmed when the presence of caregiver
use of ECT and psychoactive drugs:
ECT is used to treat severe depression when other methods haven’t worked.
Psychoactive drugs: affect the individuals psychological functioning.
provincial mental health acts:
Each province enshrines the parens patriae powers of the state to care for people suffering from mental disorders who are unable to care for themselves. Civil mental health law gives the province powers to interfere in the lives of citizens, including the authority to detain people against their will.
why do people seek psychotherapy?
Some need to respond to unexpected changes in life, while others seek opportunities for self understanding, and personal growth.
characteristics of Canadians who receive psychological services:
Therapy is often for people to provide support, problem solving skills, and effective coping skills for issues such as depression, anxiety, low confidence, relationship problems, stress management, and body issues,
requirements to be met for involuntary committed:
Creates a class of people who, at the discretion of a police officer, can be taken briefly into police custody and then placed into some sort of prevention detection. You are placed in institution for 72 hours for anyone 14 or older and they need to be placed there for their own safety.
review board
Young persons responsible for insanity with fire arms. They must attend fire relief meetings.
A type of disruptive behaviour disorder under the DSM-IV classification exhibited by children who behave disruptively, cannot control their activity levels or impulses, or have difficulty concentrating. These behaviours are usually more disturbing to others than to the children themselves.
externalizing problems
Problems such as anxiety, depression, shyness, social withdrawal, and somatic complaints, that are problematic for the individual who experiences them but pose few problems for the social patterns surrounding that person
internalizing problems
A childhood disorder characterized by disruptive behaviour, an inability to control activity levels or impulses, or difficulty concentrating
ADHD
A disorder of children who, more frequently than is usual, refuse to follow instructions, argue apparently just for the sake of arguing, and show hostility toward parents and teachers.
opposition defiant disorder ODD
A disorder of children who show a pattern of violating rights of others and major age - appropriate social norms or rules in a variety of settings
conduct disorder CD
A form of psychotherapy that attempts to change maladaptive thoughts and behaviours
CBT cognitive-behavioural therapy
The use of electricity to induce a seizure in mental patients by placing electrodes on the skull and administrating a convulsive rather than a lethal shock intensity
Electroconvulsize Therapy
?
Anxiolytics
Behaviour is controlled by unconscious forces of which the person is unaware
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
A therapy developed by Carl Rogers as an alternative to psychoanalysis, based on his belief that psychological problems arose when personal growth was stunted by judgements imposed by others
Client-centered therapy
a philosophical outlook that stresses the importance of free will, freedom of choice, and personal responsibility. This perspective emphasizes the unique experiences of each individual and the responsibility of each person for their choices and what they make of themselves.
Existential therapy
A humanistic method of psychotherapy that takes a holistic approach to human experience by stressing individual responsibility and awareness of present psychological and physical needs.
Gestalt therapy
In provincial mental health law, the involuntary hospitalization of people suffering from mental disorder.
Civil commitment
In Canadian criminal law, incapable of participating in the trial process due to mental disorder at the time of trial
Unfit to stand trial “UST”
difficulties in treating children:
?
