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Abnormal Psych > Test 1 - chapters 1-3 > Flashcards

Test 1 - chapters 1-3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychopathology refers to the study of:
A) the study of the nature of psychological problems
B) only the severe psychological disorders
C) the same disorders as psychopathy
D) a physical cause to psychological

A

A

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2
Q

All infrequent behaviours or thoughts should be judged as normal
A) true
B) false

A

B

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3
Q

Abnormal behaviour has been defined as that which occurs infrequently. Which of the following examples illustrate a problem with this definition?

A) People with IQs below 70 are considered abnormal
B) Mathematical geniuses are considered rare in the population
C) Children often believe in the existence of monsters
D) Most people get depressed from time to time

A

A

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4
Q

Attend to the influence of the social environment on disordered clients

A) Clinical psychologists
B) Psychiatric Nurses
C) Psychiatric Social Workers
D) Psychiatrists

A

C

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5
Q

Trained in general psychology and then receive graduate training in the application of this knowledge to the understanding and improvement (treatment) of disorders of thinking and behaviour

A) Clinical psychologists
B) Psychiatric Nurses
C) Psychiatric Social Workers
D) Psychiatrists

A

A

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6
Q

Trained in medicine prior to doing specialized training (diagnosis and medical treatment) in dealing with mental illness

A) Clinical psychologists
B) Psychiatric Nurses
C) Psychiatric Social Workers
D) Psychiatrists

A

D

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7
Q

Trained in nursing and have completed a specialization in psychiatric problems

A) Clinical psychologists
B) Psychiatric Nurses
C) Psychiatric Social Workers
D) Psychiatrists

A

B

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8
Q

Early Arabian asylums were established to

A) protect society from the mentally ill
B) Provide the mentally ill with a safe haven
C) Begin the tradition of group therapy
D) fulfill the requirements of the Koran

A

B

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9
Q

________________“degeneration” theory, which proposed that abnormal functioning was transmitted by hereditary processes

A) Charles Darwin
B) Benedict Morel
C) Casare Lombroso
D) Cabanis

A

B

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10
Q

The first individual to recognize that different disorders not only had distinct features, but also differed in terms of the age of onset of the disorder and their typical course over time was

A) Mesner
B) Watson
C) Kraepelin
D) Krafft-Ebing

A

C

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11
Q

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) proved to be the most successful in treating?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Depression
C) Epilepsy
D) Drug Addiction

A

B

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12
Q

According to John B. Watson, abnormal behaviour was the result of

A) unfortunate conditioning experiences
B) A break in the organized system of thought and emotion
C) Unpleasant past events that the patient had forgotten
D) The effects of labelling a person as abnormal

A

A

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13
Q

A neurotransmitter implicated in schizophrenia

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

B

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14
Q

The chemical substance that carry the messages from one neuron to the next on the complex pathways of nervous activity within the brain

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synaps
A

H

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15
Q

Nerve Cells

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

G

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16
Q

Presumed to be support cells, although recent evidence suggests they exert a more active role in neuronal functioning

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

D

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17
Q

Appears to be related to the constraint or inhibition of behaviour

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

I

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18
Q

Primarily directs the functioning of the autonomic nervous system

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

E

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19
Q

Controls thought, speech, perception, memory, learning, and planning

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

C

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20
Q

Controls primarily internal activities such as digestion, cardiovascular functioning, and breathing

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

E

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21
Q

The gap between axons

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

J

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22
Q

The transmission of the electrical activity in the axon to the neighbouring dendrite occurs as a result of the release of these chemicals

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

H

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23
Q

Part of the neuron which carries the nerve impulses to the synapse

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

A

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24
Q

Appears to be related to pleasure-seeking and exploratory behaviours

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

B

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25
Q

It is the center of the reticular activating system, which arousal levels (often called the sleep-wake center) and thereby attentional processes

A) Axon
B) Dopamine activity
C) Forebrain
D) Glia cells
E) Hindbrain
F) Midbrain
G) Neurons
H) Neurotransmitters
I) Serotonin activity
J) Synapse
A

F

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26
Q

Which of the following has been shown to be involved in fear and anxiety reactions and thus perhaps in phobias and other anxiety disorders?

A) The parasympathetic nervous system
B) The sympathetic nervous system
C) The gonads
D) The Thalamus

A

A

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27
Q

Sigmund Freud, founder of the psychodynamic school of thought, was a

A) Psychiatrist from Berlin
B) Psychologist from Paris
C) Hypnotist from Osla
D) Neurologist from Vienna

A

D

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28
Q

As a child gets older it begins to develop

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego

A

C

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29
Q

It acts according to what Freud called the pleasure principle

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego

A

A

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30
Q

It begins to develop in response to the fact that instinctual demands of the id are not always immediately met

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego

A

B

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31
Q

Present at birth and it contains or represents the biological/instinctual drives that are not constrained at birth

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego

A

A

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32
Q

The internalization of the moral standards of society inculcated by the child’s parents

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego

A

C

33
Q

Develop to curb the desires of the id so that the individual does not suffer any unpleasant consequences

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego

A

B

34
Q

As the individual learns what expressions of desires are practical and possible, it comes to be governed by the reality principle.

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego

A

B

35
Q

Its operating guide is the moral principle, and it serves as the person’s conscience by monitoring the ego

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego

A

C

36
Q

Determination or identification of the nature of a person’s disease or condition

A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Diagnostic system

A

B

37
Q

A procedure in which information is gathered systematically in the evaluation of a condition

A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Diagnostic system

A

A

38
Q

A system of rules for recognizing and grouping various types of abnormalities

A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Diagnostic system

A

C

39
Q

A statement of that clinical finding

A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Diagnostic system

A

B

40
Q

It serves as the basis for a diagnosis

A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Diagnostic system

A

C

41
Q

It is made on the basis of a diagnostic system

A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Diagnostic system

A

B

42
Q

Covers any medical disorder that might be relevant to the understanding or management of the case

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V
A

C

43
Q

Most similar to previous diagnosis systems in that it diagnoses that most obvious disorders

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V
A

A

44
Q

Collect’s information on the patients life circumstances, recognizing that individual’s live within a social milieu

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V
A

D

45
Q

Focuses on the presence of generally less severe long-term disturbances, which may nevertheless interfere with a person’s life.

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V
A

B

46
Q

Measures how well a person is able to cope with the circumstances related to his/her problems

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V
A

E

47
Q

This axis recognizes that medical disorders may cause psychological disorders, or they may affect future development or treatment

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V
A

C

48
Q

Included in this axis are psychological disorders that have been recognized for centuries because of their bizarre nature, or the difficulty they pose in the everyday life of individuals

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V
A

A

49
Q

The information can be indicative of the need for treatment and of the person’s coping mechanisms and can assist in planning intervention

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V
A

E

50
Q

Individuals with problems listed in this axis can function in jobs and relationships, albeit with significant difficulty

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV
E) Axis V
A

B

51
Q

Groups of symptoms that tend to occur together

A

Syndrome

52
Q

ANS

A

Autonomic nervous system (two parts) the sympathetic nervous system-readies the body for action (fight or flight). The parasympathetic nervous system shuts down the digestive process.

53
Q

SNS

A

Somatic nervous system which controls muscles.

54
Q

Types of mental health professions:

A 
Clinical Psychologists
Psychiatric Nurse
Psychiatrist
Psychiatric social workers
Occupational therapists
55
Q

A psychological approach to understanding abnormal behaviour devised by John B. Watson, which declared that psychology must be restricted to the study of observable features

A

Behaviourism

56
Q

A type of learning where there is a response from one stimuli to another

A

Classical conditioning

57
Q

Consequences of behaviour that are important

A

Operant conditioning

58
Q

A form of psychotherapy that attempts to change maladaptive thoughts and behaviours

A

Cognitive behaviour therapy

59
Q

A view that a predisposition to develop a disorder (the diathesis), interacting with the experience of stress , causes mental disorders

A

Diathesis-stress perspective

60
Q

A model proposing that the behaviour is the result of the combined influence of biological, psychological, and social factors

A

biopsychosocial model

61
Q

Causes of origins; especially of disease

A

Etiology

62
Q

Both the scientific study of psychological abnormality and the problems faced by people who suffer from such disorders

A

Psychopathology

63
Q

A form of therapy developed by Albert Ellis that is concerned with how people interpret events and how these interpretations influence their responses. These interpretations, or mediating processes, are cognitive and result from the persons belief system

A

Rational-emotive therapy

64
Q

A theory that suggests that while classical and operant conditioning experiences are important, the majority of such experiences are primarily acquired vicariously, that is by observation of others rather than direct personal experience.

A

Social learning theory

65
Q

The idea the psychology is caused by biological factors:

A

Somatogenesis

66
Q

Principles in defining abnormal behaviour:

A

Statistical concept e.g if the population brushes teeth twice a day but someone does it 50 times this is abnormal statistically
Personal Distress e.g if going outside causes anxiety
Personal Dysfunction e.g if someone unplug ect.
Violation of Norms e.g man wearing women’s clothing to get aroused

67
Q

A disorder evidenced by mania, euphoria, and grandiosity, followed by a progressive deterioration of brain functioning (called dementia) & paralysis

A

General Paresis of the insane

68
Q

What are some biological and brain theories of abnormal behaviour?

A

Biological theories have primarily implicated dysfunctions in or damage to the brain ( the central nervous system, CNS) problems of control of one or another aspect of the peripheral nervous system (that is the autonomic nervous system or the somatic nervous system), malfunctioning of the endocrine system.

69
Q

Freud’s Theory:

A

Freud’s Theory is the psychodynamic theory. This claims that behaviour is controlled by unconscious forces of which people are unaware of.

70
Q

According to Freud, mechanisms through which the ego allow the expression of libidinal desires in a distorted or symbolic form

A

Defense Mechanisms

71
Q

What occurs when a behaviour decreases in frequency as a result of its consequences

A

Punishment

72
Q

What occurs when a behaviour increases in frequency as a result of consistent consequences

A

Reinforcement

73
Q

What are the three principles found in all cognitive-based theories?

A
  1. that thinking affects emotion and behaviour
  2. that thoughts can be monitored and changed
  3. that by altering one’s thoughts, one will experience desired behaviour and emotional change.
74
Q

A self-perception that results from beliefs people have about their ability to control events that affect their lives

A

Self-Efficacy

75
Q

Ellis - irrational beliefs

A
  1. I must be loved and approved of at all times
  2. Things must always go right
  3. I must be competent at everything
  4. Life should always treat me fairly
  5. All problems should have ready and easy solutions
  6. I should never make mistakes
  7. I am currently, and always will be, as I always have been.
  8. Unhappiness is externally caused and I have no control over it
76
Q

Social cultural role in mental illness

A

Socio-cultural factors interact in complex ways to produce psychiatric disorders.

77
Q

DSM system

A

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is used for the plan of management and treatment of persons displaying such problems

78
Q

DSM III vs DSM IV

A

DSM III was developed to e polythetic, meaning that an individual could be diagnosed with a certain subset of symptoms without having to meet all criteria.

DSM IV -The greatest innovation was the development of the multiaxial requirement. For the first time, in addition to a primary diagnosis, diagnosticians were required to provide substantial patient information, evaluating and rating patients on five different axes, or areas of functioning.

Abnormal Psych (5 decks)

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