Test 5 CH 18 Flashcards
You are teaching a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes about insulin. The patient asks you to explain the role of insulin in preventing hyperglycemia. What is your best response?
a. “Insulin plays a major role in converting complex carbohydrates to glucose.”
b. “Insulin allows cells to take up, use, and store carbohydrates, fat, and protein.”
c. “Insulin prevents the kidney from excreting of glucose.”
d. “Insulin prevents the formation of fat cells.”
ANS: B
In what way does insulin work to lower blood glucose levels?
a. Enhancing the enzymes that break down glucose
b. Helping glucose to move from the blood into cells
c. Converting glucose into proteins in the liver and brain
d. Converting glycogen into glucose in the liver and brain
ANS: B
Which term is used to indicate an elevated blood sugar (glucose) level in a patient?
a. Glycogen
b. Euglycemia
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Hyperglycemia
ANS: D
A nursing student working with you today is learning about blood glucose control. Which statement made by the student about glucagon demonstrates an understanding of this hormone?
a. “Glycogen triggers the release of glucose from the liver and skeletal muscle.”
b. “Glucagon allows the cells to use fats, protein, and carbohydrates.”
c. “Glucagon is an important hormone for energy production.”
d. “Glucagon initiates the release of adenosine triphosphate.”
ANS: A
What is the main reason that insulin is needed as drug therapy for people who have type 1diabetes?
a. The beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin.
b. The alpha cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin.
c. The beta cells of the pancreas make too much glucagon.
d. The alpha cells of the pancreas make too much glucagon.
ANS: A
Which statement regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is true?
a. Some people with DM type 2 will need insulin.
b. This type of diabetes is found in children less than 1 year of age.
c. Drug therapy for DM type 2 eliminates the need for diet and exercise.
d. DM type 2 is characterized by sudden, complete shutdown of the pancreas.
ANS: A
You are preparing to discuss a newly prescribed insulin stimulator with a patient. What condition would need to be present for this drug to work effectively for a diabetic patient?
a. The patient would need to be able to self-inject the drug.
b. The patient would need to be in ketoacidosis to begin this drug.
c. The patient would need to have diabetes mellitus type 2 to use this drug.
d. The patient needs to have some functioning beta cells for this drug to work.
ANS: C
A patient with diabetes mellitus type 2 is prescribed glipizide (Glucotrol). You are preparing to give the glipizide to the patient. Which of the following nursing actions would be your best action when giving this drug?
a. Give this drug with milk.
b. Give this drug with a meal.
c. Assess the patient for signs of pancreatitis before giving this drug.
d. Take the patient’s pulse before giving this drug.
ANS: B
Which oral antidiabetic drug belongs to the biguanide class?
a. Acarbose (Precose)
b. Nateglinide (Starlix)
c. Pioglitazone (Actos)
d. Metformin (Glucophage)
ANS: D
For which patient would a biguanide antidiabetic drug be contraindicated?
a. A female patient who is pregnant
b. A newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic
c. A patient with known kidney disease
d. A diabetic patient with some functioning pancreatic beta cells
ANS: C
A diabetic patient taking metformin (Glucophage) is scheduled for a radiographic scan with contrast dye. What instructions should you provide to this patient?
a. “Take the metformin as soon as the scan is completed.”
b. “Stop taking the metformin at least 24 hours before your scan.”
c. “Take your metformin the morning of the scan.”
d. “Stop your metformin the night before the scan, and resume 72 hours after the scan.”
ANS: B
You are teaching a diabetic patient who has been prescribed rosiglitazone about this drug. Which statement should you include in the patient’s teaching plan?
a. “Call if you develop swelling of the legs, or weight gain.”
b. “If you miss a dose of this drug, take two tablets for your next dose.”
c. “You will not need to check your blood sugar when using this drug.”
d. “Vision changes are expected with this drug and are not of a concern.”
ANS: A
A 48-year-old male has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. He has been prescribed a thiazolidinedione drug. Which precaution regarding alcohol use is important to teach this patient?
a. “Increase your water intake whenever you drink alcohol.”
b. “Avoid alcohol while taking this drug.”
c. “Only drink alcohol with a meal or shortly after a meal.”
d. “Alcohol should be limited to 4 ounces daily.”
ANS: B
Which statement made by a diabetic patient who has been prescribed acarbose indicated an understanding as to how acarbose
(Precose) prevents blood glucose levels from rising too high?
a. “Acarbose limits the enzyme that converts complex carbohydrates into glucose.”
b. “Acarbose blocks the absorption of carbohydrates and glucose in the intestines.”
c. “Acarbose enhances the binding of insulin to its membrane receptors.”
d. “Acarbose releases more insulin from pancreatic beta cells.”
ANS: A
You are about to give miglitol (Glyset) to a patient with diabetes mellitus type 2. Which nursing action is most important for this patient?
a. Rotate the injection site on a weekly basis.
b. Give this drug at the beginning of a meal.
c. Do not mix this drug in the same syringe as insulin.
d. Assess the patient for signs and symptoms of heart failure.
ANS: B
