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Kin 2500 > Test 5 > Flashcards

Test 5 Flashcards

1
Q

this system consists of 3 interrelated components: blood, the heart, and blood vessels

A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

the study of blood

A

hematology

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3
Q

this is a liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix

A

blood

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4
Q

this is the watery fluid that bathes body cells and is constantly renewed by the blood

A

interstitial fluid

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5
Q

What is blood’s 3 general functions

A

transportation, regulation, and protection

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6
Q

blood plays a major role in regulation of

A

pH through buffers

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7
Q

blood is more ______ and more ____ than water

A

dense; viscous

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8
Q

in what ways does blood transport

A

blood transports oxygen from the lungs to cells and CO2 from cells into the lungs and carries waste products and heat to various organs

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9
Q

this function of blood has antibodies and guards against infection

A

protection

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10
Q

what is the temp of blood and the pH

A

38 degrees C; 7.35-7.45

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11
Q

when blood is saturated with oxygen, what color is it

A

bright red

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12
Q

when blood is unsaturated with oxygen, what color is it

A

dark red to purple

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13
Q

blood constitutes about ___% of the total body weight

A

8%

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14
Q

how many liters of blood is in an avg sized male

A

5-6 liters

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15
Q

how many liters of blood is in an avg sized female

A

4-5 liters

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16
Q

blood is composed of what two portions

A

blood plasma and formed elements (cells and cell fragments)

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17
Q

blood is about ___% formed elements and ____% blood plasma

A

45%; 55%

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18
Q

99% of formed elements are

A

RBCs

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19
Q

1% of formed elements include

A

WBCs and platelets

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20
Q

WBCs and platelets form a _____ ____ between the packs RBCs and blood plasma in centrifuged blood

A

buffy coat

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21
Q

what percentage of plasma is water

A

91%

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22
Q

what percentage of plasma is solute, most of which are proteins

A

8.5%

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23
Q

this is the smallest and most numerous of proteins and is responsible for colloid osmotic pressure

A

albumins

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24
Q

these are large proteins which help attack viruses and bacteria (function as antibodies)

A

globulins

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25
this is a large protein that plays an essential role in blood clotting
fibrinogen
26
what are the different types of WBCs
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils
27
The percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs and what the doc will call for
hematocrit
28
What is the normal range of hematocrit
females: 38-46% males: 40-54%
29
The direct stimulus for the production of RBCs in kidney cells is called
hypoxia
30
hypoxia stimulates the synthesis of _____ a hormone that stimulates the production of RBCs
erythropoietin (EPO)
31
A condition in which the blood has a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity
anemia
32
this is an increase in the percentage of RBCs in which the hematocrit is above 54%
polycythemia
33
how can polycythemia be caused
unregulated increase in RBC production, tissue hypoxia, dehydration, or blood doping by athletes
34
what kind of systems regulate the total number of RBCs and platelets in circulation
negative feedback
35
the process by which the formed elements of blood develop
hemopoiesis
36
in the last 3 months before birth, what becomes the primary site of hemopoiesis
red bone marrow
37
this is a highly vascularized connective tissue located in the microscopic spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone tissue
red bone marrow
38
these cells are derived from mesenchyme
pluripotent stem cells
39
in order to form blood cells, pluripotent stem cells produce two further types of stem cells called
myeloid and lymphoid stem cells
40
myeloid stem cells being and complete their development in red bone marrow and give rise to
RBCs, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells
41
lymphoid cells give rise to
lymphocytes and NK cells
42
where do lymphoid stem cells begin and end
begin to develop in red bone marrow but complete development in lymphatic tissues
43
this is a hormone produced by the liver that stimulates the formation of platelets a from megakaryocytes
thrombopoietin (TPO)
44
when there is not enough platelets in your body to clot
thrombocytopenia
45
erythrocytes=
RBCs
46
what do RBCs carry
hemoglobin
47
this is a pigment that gives whole blood its red color
hemoglobin
48
how many RBCs per microliter of blood is in 1. male 2. female
1. 5.4 million microliters | 2. 4.8 million microliters
49
to maintain normal numbers of RBCs, new mature cells must enter the circulation at a rate of
2 million per second
50
how do RBCs not use up any of the oxygen they transport
because they lack mitochondria and generate ATP anaerobically
51
each RBC contains how many hemoglobin molecules
280 million
52
this is composed of four polypeptide chains (two alpha, two beta) plus four nonprotein pigments called hemes and at center of each heme is Fe
globin
53
hemoglobin transports about ___% of the total carbon dioxide
23%
54
how long is a RBC life cycle
120 days
55
this divides several times, producing cells that begin to synthesize hemoglobin, and a cell near the end of the developmental sequence ejects the nucleus to become a reticulocyte
proerythroblast
56
these are composed of about 34% hemoglobin and retain some mitochondria, ribosomes, and ER pass form red bone marrow into the bloodstream
reticulocyte
57
what two antigens is ABO blood grouping system based on
A and B
58
erythrocyte manufacture only antigen A are said to have blood type
A
59
erythrocyte manufacture only antigen B are said to have blood type
B
60
Those who manufacture neither antigen A or B
type O
61
what reacts with the A and B antigens
antibodies
62
incompatible blood transfusion, antibodies in the recipient's plasma bind to antigens on the donated RBCs which causes _____ or clumping of the RBCs
agglutination
63
breaking down of RBC and release of hemoglobin
hemolysis

Kin 2500 (6 decks)

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