Test 4 Flashcards
1
Q
The scientific study of muscles
A
myology
2
Q
What are the three types of muscular tissue
A
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
3
Q
this muscle is named because of the function of most of these muscles is to move the bones of the skeleton
A
skeletal muscle tissue
4
Q
this muscle is striated and voluntary
A
skeletal muscle
5
Q
this muscle is found only in the hear, where it forms most of the heart wall
A
cardiac muscle
6
Q
this muscle is striated but involuntary
A
cardiac muscle
7
Q
this is the built in rhythm of the heart which it initiates each contraction
A
autorhythmicity
8
Q
this type of muscle is located in the walls of hollow internal structures such as blood vessels, airways, and most organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
A
smooth muscle
9
Q
this muscle is attached to hair follicles in the skin
A
smooth muscle
10
Q
this muscle is non striated and involuntary
A
smooth muscle
11
Q
these muscles flex the cervical position of the vertebral column and flexes the head
A
sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
12
Q
Where is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid
A
sternal head: manubrium of sternum and clavicular head: medial third of clavicle
13
Q
where is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid
A
mastoid
14
Q
What is the together action of the sternocleidomastoid
A
flex cervical portion of vertebral column; flex at atlanto-occipital joints
15
Q
what is the single action of the sternocleidomastoid
A
laterally rotate and flex head to opposite side of contracting muscle
16
Q
What is the innervation of the motor supply of the sternocleidomastoid
A
accessory (XI) nerve
17
Q
what is the innervation of the sensory supply of the sternocleidomastoid
A
C2 and C3
18
Q
this muscle is a long muscle that extends the entire length of the anterior abdominal wall
A
rectus abdominis
19
Q
What is the origin of the rectus abdominis
A
pubic crest and pubic symphysis
20
Q
Where is the insertion of the rectus abdominis
A
Cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
21
Q
what is the action of the rectus abdominis
A
Flexes vertebral column (especially lumbar portion) and compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbirth
22
Q
Where is the innervation of the rectus abdominis
A
anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12
23
Q
This is the superficial muscle of the abdomen; its fascicles extend inferiorly and exteriorly
A
external oblique
24
Q
where is the origin of the external oblique
A
ribs 5-12
25
where is the insertion of the external oblique
iliac crest and linea alba
26
what is the external oblique's together action
compress abdomen and flex vertebral column
27
what is the external oblique's single action
laterally flex vertebra column, especially lumbar portion and rotate vertebral column
28
what is the innervation of the external oblique
anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12 and iliohypogastric nerve
29
This is the intermediate flat muscle of the abdomen
internal oblique
30
where is the origin of the internal oblique
iliac crest , inguinal ligament and thoracolumbar fascia
31
where is the insertion of the internal oblique
cartilage of ribs 7-10
32
what is the together action of the internal oblique
compress abdomen and flex vertebral column
33
what is the single action of the internal oblique
laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column
34
what is the innervation of the internal oblique
anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves T8-T12, iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve
35
This is the deep muscle in the abdomen with the most fascicles directed transversely around the abdominal wall
transversus abdominis
36
where is the origin of the transversus abdominis
iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, and cartilages of ribs 5-10
37
where is the insertion of the transversus abdominis
xiphoid process, line alba, and pubis
38
what is the action of the transversus abdominis
compresses abdomen
39
where is the innervation of the transversus abdominis
anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves T8-T12, iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve
40
This is the most important muscle that powers breathing and separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragm
41
where is the origin of the diaphragm
Xiphoid process of the sternum, costal cartilages and adjacent portions of inferior ribs 7-12, lumbar vertebrae and their intervertebral discs
42
where is the insertion of the diaphragm
central tendon
43
what is the action of the diaphragm
pulls central tendon increases thorax length during inhalation
44
where is the innervation of the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
45
where is the origin of external intercostals
interior border of rib above
46
where is the insertion of the external intercostals
superior border of rib below
47
what is the action of the external intercostals
elevates ribs, increases thorax lateral and anteroposterior
48
where is the innervation of the external intercostals
anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12
49
where is the origin of the internal intercostals
superior border of rib below
50
where is the insertion of the internal intercostals
inferior border of rib above
51
what is the action of the internal intercostals
depresses ribs, decreases thorax lateral and anteroposterior
52
where is the innervation of the internal intercostals
anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12
53
this is a large, flat, triangular sheet of muscle extending from the skull and the vertebral column; it is the most superficial back muscle and covers the posterior neck region and superior portion of the trunk
trapezius
54
where is the origin of the trapezius
superior nuchal line of occipital bone, spines of C7-T12
55
where is the insertion of the trapezius
clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula
56
what is the action of the trapezius
elevate clavicle and head, adduct-rotate-elevate-depress scapula
57
where is the innervation of the trapezius
accessory (XI) nerve and cervical spinal nerves C3-C5
58
where is the origin of rhomboideus major
Spines of T2-T5
59
where is the insertion of the Rhomboideus major
vertebral border of scapula below spine
60
what is the action of rhomboideus major
elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward
61
This is a narrow, elongated muscle in the posterior portion of the neck
levator scapulae
62
where is the origin or levator scapulae
transverse processes of C1-C4
63
where is the insertion of levator scapulae
superior vertebral border of scapula
64
what is the action of the levator scapulae
elevates scapula and rotates it downward
65
where is the innervation of levator scapulae
Dorsal scapular neve and cervical nerves C3-C5
66
Of the two axial muscles that move the humerus, the _____ ____ is a large, thick fan shaped muscle that covers the superior part of the thorax and forms the anterior fold of the axilla
pectoralis major
67
where is the origin of pectoralis major
clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
68
where is the insertion of pectoralis major
greater tubercle and bicep groove
69
what is the action of pectoralis
flex-medial rotates- adducts humerus
70
where is the innervation of the pectoralis major
medial/lateral pectoral nerves
71
this is a broad triangular muscle located on the inferior part of the back that forms most of the posterior wall of the axilla
latissimus dorsi
72
where is the origin of the latissimus dorsi
spines of T7-L5, sacral crest and ilium
73
where is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi
bicep groove
74
what is the action of the latissimus dorsi
extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm at humerus
75
where is the innervation of latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
76
this is a thick, powerful shoulder muscle that covers the shoulder joint and forms the rounded contour of the shoulder
deltoid
77
where is the origin of the deltoid
acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion of scapula, and spine of scapula
78
where is the insertion of the deltoid
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
79
what is the action of the deltoid
adduct-flex-extend-medial and lateral rotate humerus
80
where is the innervation of the deltoid
axillary nerve
81
where is the origin of the supraspinatus
supraspinatus fossa of scapula
82
where is the insertion of the supraspinatus
greater tubercle of humerus
83
what is the action of the supraspinatus
assists deltoid muscle in abducting arm at shoulder joint
84
where is the innervation of the supraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
85
where is the origin of the teres major
inferior angle of scapula
86
where is the insertion of the teres major
bicep groove
87
what is the action of the teres major
extends arm at shoulder joint and assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm
88
where is the innervation of the teres major
lower subscapular nerve
89
where is the origin of the teres minor
inferior lateral border of scapula
90
where is the insertion of the teres minor
greater tubercle of humerus
91
what is the action of the teres minor
laterally rotates and extends arm
92
where is the innervation of the teres minor
axillary nerve
93
where is the origin of the biceps brachii
LH: supraglenoid tubercle, SH:coracoid process of scapula
94
where is the insertion of the biceps brachii
radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
95
what is the action of the biceps brachii
flex humerus, flex-supinate forearm
96
where is the innervation of the biceps brachii
musculocutaneous nerve
97
where is the origin of the brachialis
distal-anterior humerus
98
where is the insertion of the brachialis
tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
99
what is the action of the brachialis
flex forearm
100
where is the innervation of the brachialis
musculocutaneous and radial nerves
101
where is the origin of the brachioradialis
supracond ridge
102
where is the insertion of the brachioradialis
styloid process of radius
103
what is the action of the brachioradialis
flex forearm, partially supinates and pronates
104
where is the innervation of the brachioradialis
radial nerves
105
where is the origin of the triceps brachii
LH: infraglenoid tubercle, LatH- lateral and posterior humerus, MedH: posterior humerus
106
where is the insertion of the of the triceps brachii
olecranon of ulna
107
what is the action of the triceps brachii
extends forearm and humerus
108
what is the innervation of the triceps brachii
radial nerves
109
where is the origin of the palmaris longus
medial epicondyle
110
where is the insertion of the palmaris longus
flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
111
what is the action of palmaris longus
flex wrist
112
where is the innervation of the palmaris longus
median nerves
113
where is the origin of the flexor digitorum superificialis
medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna
114
where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis
middle phalanx
115
what is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes middle phalanx of each finger
116
where is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis
median nerves
117
where is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundis
anterior medial ulna
118
where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundis
bases distal phalanx
119
what is the action of the of the flexor digitorum profundis
flex distal phalanx of each finger
120
where is the innervation of the of the flexor digitorum profundis
median and ulnar nerves
121
where is the origin of the flexor pollucis longus
anterior radius, interosseous membrane
122
where is the insertion of the flexor pollucis longus
base distal phalanx of thumb
123
what is the action of the flexor pollucis longus
flex distal phalanx of thumb
124
where is the innervation of the flexor pollucis longus
median nerve
125
where is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus
lateral supracondylar
126
where is the insertion extensor carpi radilalis longus
2nd metacarpal
127
what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus
extends-adducts hand at wrist joint
128
where is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus
radial nerves
129
where is the origin of the extensor digitorum
lateral epicondyle
130
where is the insertion of the extensor digitorum
2-5 distal and middle phalanges
131
what is the action of the extensor digitorum
extends distal and middle phalages of each finger
132
where is the innervation of extensor digitorum
radial nerves
133
where is the origin of the extensor pollucis brevis
posterior, middle of radius
134
where is the insertion of the extensor pollucis brevis
base proximal phalanx of thumb
135
what is the action of the extensor pollucis brevis
extends proximal phalanx of thumb
136
where is the innervation of the extensor pollucis brevis
deep radial nerves
137
where is the origin of the psoas major
transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrate
138
where is the insertion of the psoas major
less trochanter of femur
139
what is the action of the psoas major
flex vertebrae, flex-laterally rotates femur
140
where is the innervation of the psoas major
L2-L3
141
where is the origin of the gluteus maximus
iliac crest, sacrus, coccyx
142
where is the insertion of the gluteus maximus
IT tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
143
what is the action of the gluteus maximus
extends, abducts, adducts, laterally rotates femur
144
where is the innervation of the gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal
145
where is the origin of gluteus medius
ilium
146
where is the insertion of the gluteus medius
greater trochanter of femur
147
what is the action of the gluteus medius
abducts-medially rotates femur
148
where is the innervation of the gluteus medius
superior gluteal
149
where is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae
iliac crest
150
where is the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae
IT band to tibia
151
what is the action of the tensor fasciae latae
flex-abducts femur
152
where is the innervation tensor fasciae latae
superior gluteal piriformis
153
where is the origin of the adductor longus
pubic symphysis and crest
154
where is the insertion of the adductor longus
linea aspera
155
what is the action of the adductor longus
flex-adducts-laterally rotates femur
156
where is the innervation of the adductor longus
obutrator
157
what is the origin of the adductor brevis
inferior ramus pubis
158
where is the insertion of the adductor brevis
linea aspera
159
what is the action of the adductor brevis
flex-adducts-laterally rotates femur
160
where is the innervation of the adductor brevis
obutrator
161
where is the origin of the gracillis
pubic symphysis
162
where is the insertion of the gracillis
medial tibia
163
what is the action of the gracillis
adducts femur
164
where is the innervation of the gracillis
obtrurator
165
where is the origin of the rectus femoris
anterior inferior iiac spine
166
where is the insertion of the rectus femoris
superior border patella
167
what is the action of the rectus femoris
extend leg, flex femur
168
where is the innervation of the rectus femoris
femoral
169
where is the origin of vastus lateralis
greater trochanter, linea aspera
170
where is the insertion of the vastus lateralis
tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
171
what is the action of vastus lateralis
extend leg
172
where is the innervation of the vastus lateralis
femoral
173
where is the origin of the vastus medialis
linea aspera
174
where is the insertion of the vastus medialis
tibial tub via patellar tendon
175
what is the action of the vastus medialis
extend leg
176
where is the innervation of the vastus medialis
femoral
177
where is the origin of the vastus intermedius
anterior and lateral femur
178
where is the insertion of the vastus intermedius
tibial tub via patellar tendon
179
what is the action of the vastus intermedius
extend leg
180
where is the innervation of the vastus intermedius
femoral
181
where is the origin of the sartorius
anterior superior iliac spine
182
where is the insertion of the sartorius
medial tibia
183
what is the action of the sartorius
flex-medially rotate leg, flex-laterally rotate femur
184
where is the innervation of the sartorius
femoral
185
where is the origin of the biceps femoris
LH: ischial tuberosity, SH: linea aspera
186
where is the insertion of the biceps femoris
fibula head, lateral condyle of tibia
187
what is the action of the biceps femoris
flex-laterally rotate leg, extend femur
188
where is the innervation of the biceps femoris
sciatic (tibial and common peroneal)
189
where is the origin of the semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
190
where is the insertion of the semitendinosus
proximal-meidal tibia
191
what is the action of the semitendinosus
flex-medially rotate leg, extend femur
192
where is the innervation semitendinosus
sciatic (tibial)
193
where is the origin of the semimembranosus
ischial tuberosity
194
where is the insertion of the semimembranosus
medial condyle tibia
195
what is the action of the semimembranosus
flex-medially rotate leg, extend femur
196
where is the innervation of the semimembranosus
sciatic (tibial)
197
where is the origin of the gastronemius
lateral and medial condyle femur
198
where is the insertion of the gastrocnemius
calcaneus via achilles tendon
199
what is the action of the gastrocnemius
PF, flex leg
200
where is the innervation of the gastrocnemius
tibial
201
where is the origin of the soleus
fibula head, medial border tibia
202
where is the insertion of the soleus
calcaneus via achilles tendon
203
what is the action of the soleus
PF
204
where is the innervation of the soleus
tibial
205
where is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus
inferior 2/3 fibula
206
where is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus
distal phalanx of great toe
207
what is the action of the flexor hallucis longus
PF, flex proximal and distal phalanx
208
where is the innervation of the flexor hallucis longus
tibial
209
where is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibia
210
where is the insertion of the flexor digiorum longus
distal phalanges toes 2-5
211
what is the action of the flexor digitorum longus
PF, flex phalanges of toes 2-5
212
where is the innervation of the flexor digitorum longus
tibial
213
where is the origin of the tibialis anterior
lateral condyle, body of tibia, interosseous membrane
214
where is the insertion of the tibialis anterior
metatarsal and 1st cuneiform
215
what is the action of the tibialis anterior
DF, inverts foot
216
where is the innervation of the tibialis anterior
deep peroneal
217
where is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus
lateral condyle tibia
218
where is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus
middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
219
what is the action of the extensor digitorum longus
DF, evert, extends toes
220
where is the innervation of the extensor digitorum longus
deep peroneal
221
where is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus
anterior fibula
222
where is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus
distal phalanx of great toe
223
what is the action of the extensor hallucis longus
DF, invert, extends proximal phalanx of great toe
224
where is the innervation of the extensor hallucis longus
deep peroneal
225
where is the origin of the extensor halluces brevis
calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum
226
where is the insertion of the extensor halluces brevis
proximal phalanx of great toe
227
what is the action of the extensor halluces brevis
extends big toe
228
where is the innervation of the extensor halluces brevis
deep fibuar (peroneal)
229
where is the origin of the extensor digitorum brevis
calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum
230
where is the insertion of the digitorum brevis
middle phalanges of toes 2-4
231
what is the action of the extensor digitorum brevis
extends toes 2-4
232
where is the innervation of the extensor digitorum brevis
deep fibular
233
property that is shared with neurons; impulses are brought about by reaction to stimuli
electrical excitability
234
ability to forcefully contract the muscle tissue in response to electrical stimuli
contractility
235
ability for muscles to be stretched without being damaged
extensibility
236
the ability for the muscle to return to its original length and shape after contraction
elasticity
237
avascular, hold muscle in place; have parallel rows of collagen fibers which are seen at the ends of muscles
tendons
238
sheath that covers the muscle; extension of the tendon
aponeuroses
239
inflammation of tendons; tendonitis, excessive stretching/exercise
tenosynovitis
240
surrounding each muscle fiber is a thin wrapping of mostly reticular fibers; helps to bind muscle fibers together
endomysium
241
this allows certain degree of freedom of motion between neighboring fascicles and transmits blood vessels
perimysium
242
this covers the periphery of the muscle which binds all the fascicles together to form the muscle belly
epimysium
243
nerves typically enter the muscle along with the main blood vessels of the muscle as a unit is called
neurovascular bundle
244
the neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles to contract
somatic motor neurons
245
increased cell size
hypertrophy
246
increased cell numbers
hyperplasia
247
the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
sarcolemma
248
extensions of the plasma membrane that tunnel their way through the muscle fiber; filled with interstitial fluid
transverse tubules
249
this is the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber; has substantial amount of glycogen
sarcoplasm
250
this protein, found only in muscle, binds oxygen molecules that diffuse into muscle fibers from interstitial fluid; releases oxygen when mitochondria need it for ATP production
myoglobin
251
made of thick filaments and think filaments, which gives it the striated look
myofibrils
252
this stores calcium until needed during contraction
sarcoplasmic reticulum
253
dilated end sacs of the SR; they butt up against transverse tubules from both sides
terminal cisterns
254
narrow, plate shaped regions of dense protein material that separate one sarcomere from the next
z discs
255
the dark, middle part of the sarcomere that extends the entire length of the thick filaments and also includes those parts of the thin filaments that overlap with thick filaments
A band
256
the lighter, less dense area of the sarcomere that contains the rest of the thin filaments but no thick filaments
I band
257
what passes through the center of each I band
Z disc
258
a narrow region in the center of each A band that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments
H zone
259
A region in the center of the H zone that contains proteins that hold thick filaments together at the center of the sarcomere
M line
260
myofibrils are built from which three kinds of proteins
contractile, regulatory, and structural
261
what are the two contractile proteins
myosin and actin
262
this is a major component of thick filaments in contractile proteins
myosin
263
this is a major component of thin filaments in contractile proteins
actin
264
these proteins keep the thin and thick proteins in proper alignment
structural proteins
265
these proteins regulate the interaction between actin and myosin
regulatory proteins
266
where does the myosin tail point
towards the M line of the sarcomere
267
what covers the myosin binding site on the actin during a relaxed muscle
tropomyosin
268
how is tropomyosin held in place
troponin
269
a region where communication occurs between two neurons, or between a neuron and a target cell
synapse
270
this separates the two cells, its a small gap
synaptic cleft
271
when the length of a muscle increases during contraction
eccentric isotonic contraction
272
the tension in the muscle remains almost constant while the muscle changes its length
isotonic contraction
273
the tension generated is not enough to exceed the resistance of the object to be moved and the muscle does not change its length
isometric contraction
274
if the tension generated is great enough to overcome the resistance of the object to be moved, the muscle shortens and pulls on its tendon to produce movement and reduce angle at joint
concentric isotonic contraction
