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Clinical Chemistry > Test 5 > Flashcards

Test 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why can’t you use gel separator tubes when doing therapeutical drug monitoring?

A

Gel absorbs drugs

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2
Q

When do collect trough specimens for TDM?

A

Collect immediately before administration of drugs

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3
Q

When do you collect peak specimens?

A

30 minutes after completion of IV dose, 30-60 minutes after IM injection, or 60 minutes after oral dose

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4
Q

What is Digoxin (Lanoxin) used for?

A

Strengthens cardiac contractions, good for CHF

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5
Q

Overdose of Digoxin are treated with?

A

Digibind

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6
Q

What are NAPA and procanamind?

A

Anti-arrythmics (irregular heartbeats)

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7
Q

T3 is called?

A

Triiodothyrine

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8
Q

T4 is called?

A

Thyroxine

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9
Q

What is an essential component of T3 and T4?

A

Iodide

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10
Q

Name four binding proteins of T3 and T4?

A

Thyroxine Binding Protein, Transthyretin, Thyroxine Binding Prealbumin, Thyroxine Binding Albumin

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11
Q

____% of free T3

A

0.4%

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12
Q

___% of free T4

A

0.04%

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13
Q

TRH comes from what gland?

A

Hypothalamus

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14
Q

TRH stands for

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

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15
Q

TSH comes from what gland?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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16
Q

Free T3 and T4 comes from what gland?

A

Thyroid

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17
Q

What is the single best test to determine primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism?

A

TSH

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18
Q

What causes a primary thyroid disorder

A

Thyroid gland

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19
Q

What gland causes a secondary thyroid disorder

A

Anterior pituitary

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20
Q

What gland causes a tertiary thyroid disorder

A

Hypothalamus

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21
Q

The T3-uptake is an estimation of?

A

Thyroid binding proteins

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22
Q

Increased T3U could mean…

A

Primary hyperthyroid, steroids

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23
Q

Decreased T3U could mean…

A

Hypothyroid, pregnancy

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24
Q

The T3U is ________ __________ to the number of free thyroid binding hormone sites on various thyroid binding globulins.

A

Inversely proportional

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25
Q

Normal T3U is __-__%

A

25-35

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26
Q

How is T3U measured?

A

Pts plasma is incubated with tagged T3. Excess T3 is removed to binding agent. T3 measured in binding agent and plasma.

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27
Q

Increased T3 uptake by binding agent means…

A

Decrease in thyroid protein sites

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28
Q

Decreased T3 uptake by binding agent means…

A

Increased thyroid protein sites

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29
Q

What is FT4I?

A

Free T4 index

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30
Q

What does the FT4I measure?

A

Estimate of free T4

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31
Q

FT4I formula

A

FT4I = TT4 X THBR

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32
Q

THBR = ?

A

Patient T3U / Control T3U

33
Q

What is the most common type of hypothyroid disease/

A

Hashimotos Disease

34
Q

What is Myxedema?

A

Skin and tissue disorder due to severe prolonged hyptothyroidism

35
Q

What is the most common hyperthyroid condition?

A

Graves disease

36
Q

Graves disease has a increased _______ and decreased ___.

A

T3 and T4

TSH

37
Q

HCG is synthesize by what?

A

The placenta after implantation

38
Q

HCG is detectable how many days after conception?

A

1-2 days

39
Q

HCG stimulates progesterone production by?

A

Corpus luteum

40
Q

HCG plasma concentrations are higher in what trimester?

A

1st

41
Q

All HCG tests utilize what technique?

A

Immunoassay

42
Q

HCG is decreased in what circumstances?

A

Ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortion

43
Q

HCG is increased in what circumstances?

A

Multiple fetus’ and gonadal tumors

44
Q

What are the 3 different estrogens?

A

Estradiol, estrone, and estriol

45
Q

Estrone is E_?

A

E1

46
Q

Estradiol is E_?

A

E2

47
Q

Estriol is E_?

A

E3

48
Q

Normal estriol concentrations indicate what?

A

Fetal health and wellness

49
Q

Decreased estriol indicates what?

A

Fetal under-development

50
Q

What two hormones stimulate development of a follicle fluid filled sac housing the egg?

A

FSH and LH

51
Q

A surge of what causes release of the egg from the follicle?

A

LH

52
Q

What secretes progesterone to build the endometrium in preparation for implantation?

A

Corpus luteum

53
Q

What stimulates the ovarian follicle?

A

FSH

54
Q

What stimulates the development of endometrium?

A

Estradiol

55
Q

What stimulates the testes to produce testosterone and estradiol?

A

LH

56
Q

What produces LH and FSH?

A

Anterior pituitary

57
Q

What is TDM?

A

Collection and measurement of prescribed medication

58
Q

What are some reasons why TDM is done?

A

Non-compliant patients, monitor and make sure drugs aren’t toxic, chemical interactions with other drugs

59
Q

What is Theophylline (Aminophylline)?

A

Pulmonary vasodilator for asthma treatment

60
Q

What is lithium or tricyclics used for?

A

Anti-depressants

61
Q

What is Dilantin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine used for?

A

Anticonvulsants (anti-seizure)

62
Q

What is half-life

A

Time for a drug to decrease by 1/2 its concentration

63
Q

Why must you avoid the use of disinfectants that contain alcohol when doing alcohol blood test?

A

It can falsely increase blood ethanol

64
Q

What is Salicylate?

A

Aspirin

65
Q

Primary effects of aspirin overdose

A

Stimulation of respiration and respiratory alkalosis (decreased PCO2 and decreased plasma HCO3)

66
Q

Secondary effects of aspirin overdose

A

Metabolic acidosis as salicylic acid accumulates (decreased HCO3 and normal PCO2)

67
Q

What is acetaminophen?

A

Tylenol

68
Q

What is speed?

A

Amphetamines

69
Q

What are examples of opiates?

A

Heroin, morphine, codeine

70
Q

What is PCP?

A

Phenclclidine

71
Q

What is a tumor marker?

A

Biological substance produced by malignant cells or other non-malignant cells in response to a malignancy

72
Q

Tumor markers can be found in?

A

Plasma, inside cells, and cell membranes

73
Q

What is an ideal tumor marker?

A

Sensitive, specific, short half life

74
Q

Do tumor marker diagnose?

A

No most are used to confirm or monitor already diagnosed cancer

75
Q

What is CEA

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen

76
Q

What type of antigen is CEA

A

Oncofetal antigen

77
Q

What is the best tumor marker for colon cancer

A

CEA

78
Q

CEA _______ after surgical removal of tumor.

A

Decreases

79
Q

CEA ________ if malignancy re-occurs or spreads.

A

Increases

Clinical Chemistry (7 decks)

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