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test 5 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Andrew Jackson

A
  • campaigned in 1828 on expansion of suffrage for the “common white man”
  • implemented spoils system
  • authorized Indian Removal Act to open West to white settlement
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2
Q

Indian Removal Act

A
  • 1830
  • forced relocation of southeastern tribes
  • aimed to open West to white settlement through harsh violence against Native Americans
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3
Q

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

A
  • 1831
  • slave uprising in Virginia for 2 days led by enslaved preacher Nat Turner
  • after rebellion was suppressed, Southern states passed harsher slave codes that restricted black literacy, education, movement, assembly, and property rights
  • abolitionists viewed Turner as a martyr while slave owners intensified racism
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4
Q

Eli Whitney

A
  • invented cotton gin in 1793 that separated cotton from seeds quicker than by hand, made cotton very profitable and led to massive expansion of slavery and sectionalism
  • interchangeable parts in 1801 laid the groundwork for mass production
  • revolutionized American manufacturing and Southern society
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5
Q

The Second Great Awakening

A
  • early 19th century
  • widespread religious revival movement that emphasized evangelicalism (personal salvation, emotional worship, members went out and converted others)
  • denominations like Methodist and Baptist expanded through missionary work
  • inspired reform movements like temperance (abstinence from alcohol), abolition, and women’s rights in North
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6
Q

Transcendentalism

A
  • 1830-40s
  • intellectual movement that emerged in New England
  • emphasized individualism, self-reliance, and connection between humans and nature
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller
  • reaction to industrialization
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7
Q

Margaret Fuller

A
  • “Women in the 19th Century” in 1843
  • argued for women’s equality
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8
Q

nullification crisis

A
  • 1832-33
  • John C Calhoun of South Carolina attempted to nullify Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)
  • Nullification Ordinance
  • Force Bill
  • Compromise Tariff
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9
Q

Nullification Ordinance

A
  • South Carolina declared tariffs null and threatened secession
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10
Q

Force Bill

A
  • passed by Jackson in response to N.O.
  • authorized use of military force to enforce federal laws
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11
Q

Compromise Tariff

A
  • 1833
  • Henry Clay
  • reduced tariff rates
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12
Q

Bank War

A
  • Jackson opposed rechartering of 2nd Bank because he said it only benefited elites, vetoed recharter bill, removed federal funds, and placed them in state “pet banks”
  • led to Panic of 1837, which was left up to Martin Van Buren’s administration (1836)
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13
Q

Texas Revolution

A
  • Mexico opened up immigration to Americans if they followed their laws
  • American Texans rebelled against Mexican rules and declared independence in 1836, Republic of Texas
  • loss at Alamo inspired resistance, victory at San Jacinto secured Texan independence
  • Sam Houston becomes founding father
  • Texas annexed by US in 1845
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14
Q

abolitionism

A
  • William Lloyed Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth
  • divided into debates of gradual or immediate (Garrison) emancipation
  • created more sectionalism
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15
Q

Garrison

A
  • “The Liberator”
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16
Q

Truth

A
  • “Ain’t I a Woman?”
17
Q

Douglass

A
  • slave narrative
18
Q

the Underground Railroad

A
  • secret network of routes and safehouses used to help enslaved people escape
  • about 100,000 people
  • conductors like Harriet Tubman guided escapes and communicated using codes (H.T.’s codename was Moses)
  • goal was the North, Mexico, and Canada
19
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A
  • 1848
  • first women’s rights convention in US
  • organized by E. Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott because they were denied a vote at abolitionist meeting
  • Declaration of Sentiments
  • famous abolitionists like Douglass attended and spoke in support
  • laid groundwork for future women’s rights activism
20
Q

Declaration of Sentiments

A
  • called for equal rights for women and suffrage
21
Q

Manifest Destiny

A
  • belief that US had divine right to expand across North America and spread Protestant Christianity/democracy
  • fueled policies for westward expansion and led to conflict and Native displacement
    became driving factor for annexing Texas and conflict with Mexico
22
Q

Mexican-American War

A
  • 1846-48
  • fought over disputed territories and border of Texas
  • James K. Polk was strong supporter of US expansion and made it vital to his campaign
  • US troops marched on Mexico City in 1847
  • Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
23
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

A
  • 1848
  • Mexico cedes about half its territory, 7 future states
24
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A
  • 1846
  • proposed ban on slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico, passed House but not Senate and caused sectionalism
25
Q

Free-Soil Party

A
  • opposed expansion of slavery into western territories
  • not all abolitionism

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