Test 5

Question 1

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Answer 1

The 1st scientific support for chromosomal theory of heredity

Question 2

An affected male (XdY)- Hemizygous

Answer 2

Gives disease allele to all daughters none to son

Question 3

An affected female (XdXd)

Answer 3

Gives disease allele to both daughters and sons

Question 4

An unaffected carrier female (XDXd)

Answer 4

1 healthy allele is enough; does not display disease
50% disease allele to either daughters or sons

Question 5

Linked Genes

Answer 5

A bunch of genes on a chromosome close together & are inherited together

Question 6

Unlinked Genes

Answer 6

On the same chromosome, behave as independent genes

Question 7

Inversion of chromosome

Answer 7

structural rearrangement of a chromosome

Question 8

Frederick Griffith Experiment

Answer 8

A heritable substance can be transformed into other organisms

Question 9

Hershey & Chase Experiment

Answer 9

DNA is the genetic material not proteins

Question 10

Meselson & Stale Experiment

Answer 10

DNA is replicated in a semi conservative manner

Question 11

What was the first technique used to determine that DNA was a double helix

Answer 11

X Ray Crystallography

Question 12

Chargaff’s Rule:

Answer 12

of A = # of T

# of C = # of G

Question 13

Semiconservative Replication

Answer 13

Each daughter cell will have 1 old strand from the parent molecule and 1 new strand

Question 14

Conservative Replication

Answer 14

1 daughter cell entirely new, the other entirely old

Question 15

Dispersive Replication

Answer 15

All 4 strands have mixture of old and new

Question 16

DNA Polymerase III

Answer 16

Add to the 3’ end ;
elongate 5’ —> 3’

Question 17

Leading strand

Answer 17

single DNA strand is replicated in the 3’ to 5’ direction

Question 18

Lagging strand

Answer 18

work away from the replication fork & a series of segments

Question 19

Nuclease

Answer 19

DNA cutting enzyme

Question 20

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Answer 20

1. Detect damaged DNA
2. Nuclease
3. DNA Polymerase
4. DNA Ligase

Question 21

Telomerase

Answer 21

enzyme that lengthens telomeres in germ cells

Question 22

DNA Helix

Answer 22

Negatively Charged Phosphate Backbone

Question 23

Histones

Answer 23

Lots of positively charged amino acids, DNA wraps around

Question 24

Interphase chromosome

Answer 24

attach to the nuclear envelope & maintain most of the packing

Question 25

One-gene One-enzyme hypothesis

Answer 25

The idea that each gene encodes a single enzyme

Question 26

Gene Expression

Answer 26

DNA —> RNA —> Protein
transcription translation

Question 27

Prokaryotic gene expression

Answer 27

No nucleus, translation while still transcribing

Question 28

Eukaryotic gene expression

Answer 28

RNA modified before translation
-primary transcript

Question 29

Codons

Answer 29

3 nucleotides —> 1 amino acid