Exam 3 2023

Question 1

Anabolic Reaction

Answer 1

consume energy to build molecules

Question 2

Catabolic reaction

Answer 2

break down complex molecules & releases energy

Question 3

Cotransport

Answer 3

the coupling of the downhill diffusion of 1 substance to the uphill of another substance against its concentration gradient

Question 4

Electrogenic Pump

Answer 4

transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane

Question 5

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 5

Na+ Outside of cell
K+ Inside cell
3 Na+ out, 2 K+ inside

Question 6

Active Transport

Answer 6

pump a solute across a membrane against its gradient & requires energy
(works in 1 direction)

Question 7

Osmosis in cells WITH cell walls

Answer 7

hypotonic: turgid
hypertonic: plasmolyzed
isotonic: flaccid

Question 8

Osmosis in cells WITHOUT cell walls

Answer 8

Hypotonic: lysed
Hypertonic: shriveled
Isotonic: normal

Question 9

Osmosis

Answer 9

Water passing/diffusing through the membrane

Question 10

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 10

Moving molecules & ions down their concentration gradient across the membrane w a transport protein & no energy is needed

Question 11

Passive Transport

Answer 11

Diffusion of a substance across a membrane & no energy required

Question 12

Explain “Water is a gold digger” in osmosis

Answer 12

When diffusing, water will go where there is more stuff (higher concentrations)

Question 13

Diffusion

Answer 13

Substances will diffuse from where there are more molecules to where there are less
[High] to [Low] concentration gradient

Question 14

Gated Channels

Answer 14

Opens or closes in response to signals

Question 15

Channel Proteins

Answer 15

Hydrophilic channel transports ions and water molecules quickly through the membrane

Question 16

What needs help to pass through the membrane?

Answer 16

Larger polar or charged molecules, sugars, water, ionic molecules

Question 17

What can pass through the membrane easily

Answer 17

Small, nonpolar molecules, small hydrocarbons, CO2, Oxygen

Question 18

Peripheral Proteins

Answer 18

loosely attached to the surface of membrane bilayer

Question 19

Integral Proteins

Answer 19

Penetrate the lipid bilayer

Question 20

Cholesterol Fluidity

Answer 20

Warm: raises the melting point & stabilized the membrane
Cold: Can’t pack as tightly and won’t solidify

Question 21

Fluidity Saturated Membrane

Answer 21

Increases viscosity, good in hot temps & harder to melt

Question 22

Fluidity Unsaturated Membrane

Answer 22

increases fluidity, good in cold temps & prevent freezing

Question 23

Fluidity Temperatures

Answer 23

Lower the temperature, lower the fluidity, packs closely together &
solidifies

Question 24

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 24

Pumps protons in the membrane

Question 25

Exocytosis

Answer 25

Goes out vesicle & energy required

Question 26

Endocytosis

Answer 26

Goes in vesicle & energy required

Question 27

Metabolism

Answer 27

All an organisms chemical reactions

Question 28

Potential Energy

Answer 28

Standing still, (ex: glucose molecule)

Question 29

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 29

Energy can’t be created or destroyed

Question 30

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 30

Entropy must increase in energy transfer

Question 31

Energy Coupling

Answer 31

Endergonic & Exergonic reaction paired together

Question 32

Exergonic reaction

Answer 32

Start with more reactants & less products & is spontaneous

Question 33

Endergonic Reaction

Answer 33

Start with less reactants and more products & needs energy

Question 34

ATP Hydrolysis

Answer 34

Exergonic reaction where ADP is made from ATP

Question 35

What do enzymes do?

Answer 35

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 36

Enzyme Active Site

Answer 36

An enzyme binds to a substrate in the active site

Question 37

Competitive Inhibition

Answer 37

Binds to an enzyme & blocks binding of the substrate by attaching to active site. (competes with substrate for the enzyme)

Question 38

Noncompetitive Inhibition

Answer 38

The inhibitor doesn't block substrate, it attaches at another site and blocks that enzyme from doing its job.

Question 39

Reduction

Answer 39

Gain of a negative electron, (whoever got the H- probably got reduced)

Question 40

Oxidation

Answer 40

Loss of an electron

Question 41

Where does Glycolysis take place

Answer 41

Cytosol

Question 42

Glycolysis energy investment phase

Answer 42

Keeps glucose in the cell

Question 43

ATP Synthase

Answer 43

ADP+ P Group —> ATP

Question 44

What happens when there is no oxygen?

Answer 44

Fermentation or Anaerobic respiration