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Biology 189 > Exam 3 2023 > Flashcards

Exam 3 2023 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anabolic Reaction

A

consume energy to build molecules

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2
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

break down complex molecules & releases energy

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3
Q

Cotransport

A

the coupling of the downhill diffusion of 1 substance to the uphill of another substance against its concentration gradient

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4
Q

Electrogenic Pump

A

transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane

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5
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A

Na+ Outside of cell
K+ Inside cell
3 Na+ out, 2 K+ inside

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6
Q

Active Transport

A

pump a solute across a membrane against its gradient & requires energy
(works in 1 direction)

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7
Q

Osmosis in cells WITH cell walls

A

hypotonic: turgid
hypertonic: plasmolyzed
isotonic: flaccid

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8
Q

Osmosis in cells WITHOUT cell walls

A

Hypotonic: lysed
Hypertonic: shriveled
Isotonic: normal

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9
Q

Osmosis

A

Water passing/diffusing through the membrane

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10
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Moving molecules & ions down their concentration gradient across the membrane w a transport protein & no energy is needed

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11
Q

Passive Transport

A

Diffusion of a substance across a membrane & no energy required

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12
Q

Explain “Water is a gold digger” in osmosis

A

When diffusing, water will go where there is more stuff (higher concentrations)

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

Substances will diffuse from where there are more molecules to where there are less
[High] to [Low] concentration gradient

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14
Q

Gated Channels

A

Opens or closes in response to signals

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15
Q

Channel Proteins

A

Hydrophilic channel transports ions and water molecules quickly through the membrane

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16
Q

What needs help to pass through the membrane?

A

Larger polar or charged molecules, sugars, water, ionic molecules

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17
Q

What can pass through the membrane easily

A

Small, nonpolar molecules, small hydrocarbons, CO2, Oxygen

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18
Q

Peripheral Proteins

A

loosely attached to the surface of membrane bilayer

19
Q

Integral Proteins

A

Penetrate the lipid bilayer

20
Q

Cholesterol Fluidity

A

Warm: raises the melting point & stabilized the membrane
Cold: Can’t pack as tightly and won’t solidify

21
Q

Fluidity Saturated Membrane

A

Increases viscosity, good in hot temps & harder to melt

22
Q

Fluidity Unsaturated Membrane

A

increases fluidity, good in cold temps & prevent freezing

23
Q

Fluidity Temperatures

A

Lower the temperature, lower the fluidity, packs closely together &
solidifies

24
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

Pumps protons in the membrane

25
Q

Exocytosis

A

Goes out vesicle & energy required

26
Q

Endocytosis

A

Goes in vesicle & energy required

27
Q

Metabolism

A

All an organisms chemical reactions

28
Q

Potential Energy

A

Standing still, (ex: glucose molecule)

29
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy can’t be created or destroyed

30
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

Entropy must increase in energy transfer

31
Q

Energy Coupling

A

Endergonic & Exergonic reaction paired together

32
Q

Exergonic reaction

A

Start with more reactants & less products & is spontaneous

33
Q

Endergonic Reaction

A

Start with less reactants and more products & needs energy

34
Q

ATP Hydrolysis

A

Exergonic reaction where ADP is made from ATP

35
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

36
Q

Enzyme Active Site

A

An enzyme binds to a substrate in the active site

37
Q

Competitive Inhibition

A

Binds to an enzyme & blocks binding of the substrate by attaching to active site. (competes with substrate for the enzyme)

38
Q

Noncompetitive Inhibition

A

The inhibitor doesn’t block substrate, it attaches at another site and blocks that enzyme from doing its job.

39
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of a negative electron, (whoever got the H- probably got reduced)

40
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of an electron

41
Q

Where does Glycolysis take place

A

Cytosol

42
Q

Glycolysis energy investment phase

A

Keeps glucose in the cell

43
Q

ATP Synthase

A

ADP+ P Group —> ATP

44
Q

What happens when there is no oxygen?

A

Fermentation or Anaerobic respiration

Biology 189 (4 decks)

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