Test 5

Question 1

historical archaeology

Answer 1

the study of human behavior through material remains, for which written history in some way affects its interpretation

Question 2

motivations of historical archaeology

Answer 2

interest in dynamic and personal connection to the recent past, relevance of the past to the present

Question 3

problems of documents

Answer 3

biased and selective, occasionally wrong, often do not describe daily life of common individuals, treated as an independent line of evidence

Question 4

historical data

Answer 4

administrative, public, and personal documents, photographs, personal histories, ethnographies

Question 5

archaeology pre-1960s

Answer 5

focused on supplementing the historical record, predominantly sites were rich/famous, forts, military sites

Question 6

archaeology post 1960s

Answer 6

rise of CRM, mainstream historical arch began to look at larger social context, rather than simply historical significance
Key Individuals: James Deetz, Henry Glassie, Stanley South

Question 7

arch post 1990s

Answer 7

diverse, focus on historically disenfranchised groups, focus on the political and symbolic aspects of our recent past with good temporal precision, post-processual and critical
Key Individuals: Mark Leone, David Hurst Thomas, Kathleen Deagan

Question 8

Post-Processualism

Answer 8

concerned with meaning and symbols. Argue that archaeologists should be politically aware and active. Critical-expose ideologies that mask contradictions within society. Documents can aid in the interpretation

Question 9

characteristics of historical arch

Answer 9

post-processual and critical, colonialism and inequality, ethic and social interaction, can be emotionally charged

Question 10

applied anthropology

Answer 10

the application of anth knowledge, theory, and methods to the solution of specific societal problems. includes the application of anth data, concepts, and strategies

Question 11

development of cultural resource management

Answer 11

looters of arch sites threaten America’s cultural heritage. so gov passed laws to protect arch sites, historic buildings, and landscapes

Question 12

cultural resources

Answer 12

physical features, (natural, artificail) associated with human activity. Sites, structures, and objects possessing significance in history, architecture, or human development

Question 13

TCP

Answer 13

“Traditional Cultural Property” or “Traditional Cultural Place”
Places whose historical significance is based in whole or in part on the roles they play in the ongoing traditional cultural life of communities

Question 14

Cultural Resource Management

Answer 14

a professional field that conducts activities, including arch, related to compliance with legislation aimed at conserving cultural resources and mitigating damage/destruction of these resources

Question 15

Antiquities Act of 1906

Answer 15

Theodore Roosevelt
Required federal permits before excavating or collecting artifacts on federal land
Established a permitting process
President had the authority to protect objects of historic or scientific interest on federal land as national monuments

Question 16

problems of the antiquities act

Answer 16

no provisions for enforcement
no deterrents and low fines
no provisions for education
how old does an item have to be?

Question 17

The Interagency Archaeological Salvage Program (1945-1969)

Answer 17

concerns important sites would be obliterated by post-World War II development (flood control, river navigation, hydroelectric power generation, irrigation)

Question 18

National Historic Preservation Act 1966

Answer 18

required the gov to inventory historic structures and arch sites and ensure that development projects consider effects on arch sites. The contractor is obligated to mitigate the project’s impact (The National Register of Historic Places)

Question 19

The National Register of Historic Places

Answer 19

a list of significant historic and prehistoric properties, including districts, sites, building, structures, and objects

Question 20

arch “significance” criteria

Answer 20

a) association with events that made important contributions to broad patterns of history, prehistory, or culture
b) association with important people in the past
c) possession of distinctive characteristics of a school of architecture, construction method, or characteristics of high artistic value
d) know to contain or likely to contain data important in history or prehistory

Question 21

The Archaeology Resources Protection Act

Answer 21

Jimmy Carter (1979)
prohibits the excavation or removal of artifacts from federal property without a permit. prohibits the sale, exchange, or transport of artifacts acquired illegally from federal property
increases penalty for violations of the act over those of the Antiquities Act

Question 22

UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972)

Answer 22

Makes it illegal to conduct international trafficking of looted objects (looted after 1972)

Question 23

The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict

Answer 23

An international agreement that provides rules for the protection of antiquities in wartime

Question 24

1990 Native American Graves Protection
and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)

Answer 24

Protects Indian graves on Federal and Tribal lands. Prohibits the sale or interstate transport of Native American skeletons

Question 25

Cultural affiliation

Answer 25

a relationship of shared groups identity which can be reasonably traced (historically or prehistorically) between a present day Indian tribe or an identifiable earlier group

Question 25

Repatriation

Answer 25

Return of cultural and skeletal
materials through a process of establishing
cultural affiliation with a living (descendant) and
federally recognized Indian tribe

Question 26

How is NAGPRA different from other laws?

Answer 26

instead of protecting the objects of the past, NAGPRA is a law that is intended to protect the interests of the past

Question 27

Garbology Project

Answer 27

U of A 1973, William Rathje, what garbage tells us about our society (alcohol consumption, responses to food shortage, diet and health)

Question 28

Forensic Archaeology

Answer 28

The application of archaeology and bioarchaeological knowledge for legal purposes, assist law enforcement

Question 29

disaster archaeology

Answer 29

defines the identity, impact, and dynamic of hazards and disasters
frequency and magnitude of them
risk and hazard management
interdisciplinary

Question 30

tsunamis and nautical arch

Answer 30

pinpoint the date of an archaeological or geological deposit, link it to a tsunami event, and tie that to the historical record. evaluate timing/frequency and severity of tsunami events for planning

Question 31

rediscovering ancient technologies

Answer 31

archaeologists have found ways to harness ancient technologies to benefit modern populations

Question 32

public education

Answer 32

research and educational programs that create a better understanding of the past with the input fo descendant communities persepctives