Test 5 Flashcards
What is standard of care?
Treat the patient to the best of his or her ability and provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances.
When correcting a blocked airway, what is the first step you should take?
Position the head properly to open the airway.
What is the difference between informed consent and implied consent?
Informed consent- required in writing explanation of a procedure, with time to ask questions
Implied consent- assumed
What is one thing required of all patients who are not breathing?
Administer rescue breathing.
Know what AVPU is and how you would use this scale in your patient assessment.
AVPU stands for Alert, Verbal, Pain, and Unconscious. It is used to measure a patient’s mental status/level of consciousness.
What are the main objective of the primary assessment?
To determine the patient’s responsiveness by checking the ABCs and chief complaint.
How do you measure for proper oral airway adjunct size?
From the earlobe to the corner of the patient’s mouth.
What is the first thing you should do during scene size-up?
Ensure that the scene is safe.
How can you use the skin to assess decreased circulation to a part of the body (how would the skin appear?)
The skin would appear pale/white.
What type of lubricant should be used for a nasophayngeal airway?
Water-soluble.
Can a nasal airway be used on a conscious patient? What about on an unconscious one?
Can be used in both conscious and unconscious patients who are unable to maintain an open airway.
Be able to distinguish between absence, generalized, petit mal, and febrile seizures.
Absence- Brief lapse of attention, patient may stare and not respond
Generalized- All muscle groups contract for about 1-2 minutes
Petit mal- Absence seizures were formerly known as petit mal seizures
Febrile- Seizures caused by an increase in body temperature, occurs in children
In which position should you place a patient who has congestive heart failure?
Sitting position.
Know your SAMPLE history and what each part stands for.
Signs/symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Pertinent past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to illness or injury
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
Sign- can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured
Symptom- something the patient reports as a problem or feeling
By which routes can a poison enter the body?
Ingestion, inhalation, injection, absorption
What are the signs and symptoms of shock?
Rapid shallow breathing, cold clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, low blood pressure
What is the most common and effective way to control external bleeding?
Direct pressure
Know what abrasion, puncture, laceration, and avulsion wounds are and what can cause each.
Abrasion- Loss or damage of skin as a result of
puncture, laceration, a body part being rubbed or scraped across a rough or hard surface
Puncture- A wound resulting from a bullet,
what can cause each knife, ice pick, splinter, or any other pointed object
Laceration- An irregular cut or tear through the skin
Avulsion- An injury in which a piece of skin is torn completely loose or is left hanging as a flap
Which type of blood vessel, if cut, is the most serious type of bleeding?
Arterial
Know the signs of fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains.
Fractures- The bone is broken and the overlying skin is lacerated
Dislocations- Joint will look visibly deformed or out of place
Sprains/strains- Swelling, bruising, unwillingness to move the extremity
How many times, at least, should assessment for circulation, sensation, and movement distal to the injury be performed whenever a splint is applied?
Twice. Before and after splinting
What should emergency care of a patient who had a painful, deformed femur include?
Applying a rigid or soft splint, calming and reassuring the patient, and immobilizing the femur
Which common disease, when it occurs in older patients can quickly result in death?
pneumonia
During labor, how is crowning determined?
When the newborn’s head appears at the vaginal opening
Rapid transportation to the hospital should occur with which of the following complications (umbilical cord prolapse, stillborn delivery, miscarriage, unbroken bag of waters).
Umbilical cord prolapse
Normal breathing rate of a newborn should be?
30-60 breaths per minute
The most common cause of seizure in children is what?
Fever
What procedures should you use to remove a foreign body airway obstruction in a conscious infant?
The proper procedure for dislodging a foreign body airway obstruction in an infant is to perform back blows/slaps followed by chest thrusts.
What is the Pediatric Assessment triangle and what are its components?
The Pediatric Assessment triangle is a way to form a general impression of a pediatric patient’s condition as part of the primary assessment. The components are appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to skin
What is the START triage system?
Lets EMRs triage each patient in 60 seconds or less based on breathing, circulation, and mental status (to identify patients in most need of immediate transport).
Besides drowning, what is another major concern associated with ice rescue situations?
hypothermia
An area contaminated by hazardous materials is often referred to as
hot zone
What should you remember about emergency warning devices during your response to the scene?
They request the right of way - not guarantee it
When parking your emergency vehicle at the scene of a crash, what should you do?
At a 45 degree angle to traffic, taking up multiple lanes
What should you do when transferring care of the patient to other EMS personnel?
Give them a brief report of situation and tell them what care you have provided → Ask them if they have any questions for you → Offer to assist them in caring for patient.
What is the most common cause of seizures in children?
fever
How do you relieve a foreign body obstruction in a conscious patient?
Heimlich maneuver
What is your primary responsibility, as an EMR, when responding to a report of nerve agent release?
Ensure personal safety, so as not to become contaminated
What should be recorded in your patient care report?
You should record the patient’s chief complaint, pertinent medical conditions, and the treatment you administered to the patient.
What does treatment of a hypothermic patient include?
Move patient to a warm location → Remove wet clothing → Place warm blankets over and under patient → If patient is conscious, give warm fluids to drink → If you do not have access to a building, move patient into a heated vehicle.
What should you do if you have a patient who is agitated, disruptive, or violent?
Wait for adequete assistance
