Test 4 Study Guide Flashcards by Savannah Robbins

Surfactant replacement therapy is for
_____

Respiratory distress

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____ is the most common cause of death of surfactant deficiency

Pediatric RDS

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Surfactant reduces _____

Surface tension

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Alveoli is formed at ____ weeks

32 weeks

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_____ prevents alveolar collapse during exhalation

Surface tension

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The stage when type II cells mature

22 weeks

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Any baby over ____ weeks can be saved.

22 weeks

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Steroid given 24-48 hours before delivery to speed up lung development

Dexamethasone

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_____ is prevention treatment

Prophylactic

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Two main strategies for the prevention of neonatal ARDS in cases of preterm delivery

Antenatal administration of hormones
Prophylactic treatment with surfactant soon after birth

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Surfactant accelerates ______ pneumocytes

Type II pneumocytes

( increase exchange and improve lung mechanics. Maximal lung volume, compliance and gas exchange.)

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Administration of surfactant is based on ____ and ____

gestational age and birth weight

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Outcomes of surfactant

Increased compliance
Decreased WOB
Decreased shunting
Decreased atelectasis
Improvement of shunt ratio

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Can’t survive without ___ protein

B protein

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Rescue surfactant is only for ____

ARDS

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Surfactant is given in the ____ position

Supine

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Complications of surfactant

Plugging of the ETT
Bradycardia

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The temperature for surfactant should be ____

Room temperature

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You need _____ for surfactant delivery

Multiaccess

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_____ stage continues after birth

Alveolar postnatal stage

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Layer where lung tissue is formed

Endodermic layer

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Stage that occurs during gestational weeks of 7-17

Pseudoglandular stage

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Stage in which the alveolar sac develops

Canalicular stage

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Stage develops between 17-26 weeks

Canalicular stage

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Formulation of type I and type II pneumocytes

20-22 weeks gestation (Canalicular stage)

Stage between 27-36 weeks

Saccular stage

Alveoli appear at _____ weeks gestation

32 weeks

All conducting airways and respiratory branches are in place by ____ weeks

36 weeks

____ stage is 36 weeks gestation through after birth

Alveolar stage

_____ retains surfactant and aids in its distribution

Tubular myelin

Can cause difficulty breathing and decreased gas exchange

Overexpansion of the lungs

____ blocks inflammatory mediator production

Protein A and D

decreased number of airways, cells, alveoli. Can be caused by tumor or anything that takes up more space in the lungs. Very rare. Decreased size and weight of lungs.

Pulmonary hypoplasia

the most common condition associated with restricted growth due to lung compression.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)

_______ is important as it provides a barrier against infection

Amniotic fluid

abnormally high level of fluid

Polyhydramnios

inadequate level of fluid

Oligohydramnios

Most common cause of respiratory distress in neonates

Pediatric ARDS

Signs of pediatric ARDS

Retractions, grunting = NOT CYANOSIS

At 28 weeks, ____ hasn't developed yet and should be given through the ETT

Surfactant

Normal pediatric RR

30-60

Normal pediatric SPO2

>88%

Normal pediatric blood pressure

80/50

Normal pediatric HR

120-160

Baby Tory - 28 week c section, 140 HR, 49 RR, 35, 82% What should we do?

Surfactant STAT through ETT then bubble CPAP for oxygenation

____ can check if baby has surfactant production before birth

Amniocentesis

Natural surfactant can come from ____

Cows and pigs

____ surfactant is made in a lab from protein B and C

Synthetic surfactant

When do we need HFNC v. CPAP?

HFNC is just for oxygenation. CPAP is for ventilation and oxygenation (baby BIPAP).

3 layers

Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm

Endoderm produces ___

the cecum, intestine, stomach, liver, digestive tract

Ectoderm produces ____

Sensory and skin

Mesoderm produces _____

heart and lung, connective tissues

Valve formation creates ______ blood flow.

unidirectional

____ creates circulation between mother and child and that’s where gas exchange occurs

Placenta

____ removes waste from the fetus’ blood and acts as a barrier to protection the fetus from infection

Placenta

____ provides oxygenated blood to the fetus

Umbilical vein

_____ removes deoxygenated blood from the fetus

Umbilical artery

______ connects umbilical vein and inferior vena cava.

Ductus venosus

oxygenated blood from placenta enters the fetus through the _____

Umbilical vein

Blood bypasses the liver via _____

ductus venosus

Blood bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus and enters the ______

inferior vena cava

1. Oxygenated blood from placenta enters the fetus through umbilical vein. 2. Blood bypasses liver via the ductus venosus 3. From ductus venosus, enters inferior vena cava. 4. From inferior vena cava, blood enters R atrium 5. From R atrium goes to L atrium through Field and bypasses lungs.