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RCP 214 > Test 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Test 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Best type of xray to identify rib fractures

A

Oblique xrays

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2
Q

What type of xray is used for pleural effusion

A

Lateral decubitus

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3
Q

Xray signs of asthma in children

A

Flattened diaphrams
widened intercostal spaces

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4
Q

What does the inspiratory hold do during an xray?

A

enables the image to capture the lungs fully
Inflated for a better evaluation

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5
Q

What is the first thing to do to check ETT placement?

A

Get an xray ASAP

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6
Q

How does croup appear on an xray?

A

Steeple sign

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7
Q

What will appear white on an xray?

A

A foreign body aspiration or mass

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8
Q

Trachea bifurcates at the carina into the right and left mainstem bronchi at the ___ thoracic vertebrae in children and the ____ thoracic vertebra in neonate.

A

6th for children
4th for neonates

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9
Q

How far should the ETT be from the carina?

A

3-5 cm

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10
Q

Where should PICC line be placed?

A

In the R atrium of the heart

(If its in the wrong spot, the patient will have arrythmias and can cause pneumothorax)

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11
Q

What are UVC catheters used for?

A

medications and feeding

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12
Q

What are UAC catheters used for?

A

used for BP and getting blood

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13
Q

Lower gestational ages are more prone to ____ between 24-26 weeks

A

ARDS
(blown glass appearance)

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14
Q

The first line of treatment for ARDS to improve oxygenation

A

Proning

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15
Q

Causes rounded lucencies (looks like cobwebs) on xray

A

Pulmonary Interstitial Edema (PIE)

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16
Q

What causes Pulmonary Interstitial Edema?

A

Mechanical Ventilation and ARDS
(will have abnormal breath sounds)

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17
Q

What causes air bronchograms on xray?

A

Pneumonia (treated with antibiotics)
appears opaque/gray looks like filled in spaces between ribs

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18
Q

How does a pneumothorax appear on xray?

A

makes the whole side of the xray look black, won’t hear anything on that side - usually caused by a medical procedure.

(collapsed lung)

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19
Q

looks like a sail - caused by esophageal rupture

A

pneumomediastinum

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20
Q

Distress, grunting, floppy, retractions - treat with surfactant and antibiotics

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

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21
Q

stomach moves up on xray - fixed surgically

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

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22
Q

Overproduction of mucus

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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23
Q

edema or inflammation surrounding the bronchi. Looks like a cuff or halo around the bronchi - viral or bacterial pneumonia

A

Peribronchial cuffing

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24
Q

lungs are underdeveloped, congenital

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia (small thorax)

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25
Q

Where should chest tube placement be?

A

between the 3rd and 4th intercostal rib

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26
Q

has no risk of ionizing radiation

A

MRI

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27
Q

Test of choice for diagnosing pediatric conditions

A

MRI

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28
Q

Signs of respiratory distress in children

A
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29
Q

____ tubes are used for kids 8 and under only

A

Uncuffed tubes

30
Q

Formula for choosing correct ETT size in pediatrics

A

Age of child (3)/4 +4 = 4.75, decrease to size 4

31
Q

Only type of intubation blade used for children

A

Miller (causes less trauma)

32
Q

gold standard for determining ETT placement

A

Xray

33
Q

Formula for tube placement

A

Tube size X 3 for children, for infants weight (inches) + 6

34
Q

______ will move tip of ETT, even
when well secured

A

Head flexion or extension

35
Q

Normal cuff pressure for children

A

No higher than 25

36
Q

How to measure the size of suction catheter

A

multiply the tube’s inner diameter by 2, then use next smallest size catheter

ex. If the patient has a size 5 ETT: 2 X 5 = 10 and the next smallest size catheter is an 8

37
Q

Image from back to front, taken with board in front of pt

A

Posteroanterior positioning

38
Q

Widened intercostal spaces and flattened diaphragm indicate:

A

Acute asthma exacerbation

39
Q

Inspiratory pauses allow for:

A

Better image/evaluation of the lungs (especially in infants)

40
Q

Chest x rays are used as a diagnostic tool to:

A

Assess the position of lines, drains, and tubes

41
Q

Lateral decubitus x ray identifies:

A

Presence of air, fluid or foreign body aspiration in pleural space

42
Q

Oblique positioning is mainly for:

A

Rib fractures

43
Q

Infants trachea bifurcates and get intubated between the:

A

T4-T6 vertebrates; anything else causes hyperinflation of right lung

44
Q

Et tube will appear deeper with:

A

Small variation of pt neck

45
Q

For head extension, place the ET tube:

A

Superiorly and place tip of tube above the thoracic inlet or even in the esophagus

46
Q

Tip of lines/drains should rest:

A

In the stomach, below the left hemidiaphragm

47
Q

UVC are for:

A

giving fluid and medicines

48
Q

UVA is for:

A

getting blood

49
Q

Central venous catheter (PICC line) rests:

A

In the right atrium of the heart

50
Q

If any central venous line is misplaced it can cause:

A

Arrhythmias

51
Q

MRI has no risk of:

A

Ionizing radiation

52
Q

You can administer medications through

A

PICC Line

53
Q

Probe has two sides of independent LED light source

A

One red and the other infrared

54
Q

Fastest/most reliable SpO2 readings from

A

Right hand

55
Q

One of the factors affecting SPO2 accuracy include:

A

Poor skin integrity

56
Q

Co2/capnometry checks patients’:

A

Ventilation

57
Q

CO2/capnometry measures patients’:

A

PetCO2 (partial pressure of end tidal co2)

58
Q

-Periods of apnea and no more end tidal indicate:

A

Dislodged ET tubes

59
Q

Useful for monitoring changes in CO2 with nonconventional ventilation

A

Transcutaneous Monitoring (TCM)

60
Q

Hazards of ABG analysis include:

A

Thromboses, arterial spasm

61
Q

Correct procedure for abg on infant:

A

Warm the site first, heel of foot

62
Q

Capillary Blood Gas Analysis disadvantages/limitations:

A

Oxygenation status varies

63
Q

Hazards/complications of Peripheral Artery Catheter:

A

Thrombosis

64
Q

Transcutaneous monitoring is very useful for monitoring

A

changes in Co2 with non conventional ventilation

65
Q

Below heart:

A

Post ductile

66
Q

CAP gasses will not correlate with

A

O2 because it is venous

67
Q

UAC is for:

A

babies who are too small

68
Q

Complications of UAC include:

A

Thrombosis and infection

69
Q

Complications of central lines

A

Pneumothorax and arrhythmias, thrombosis

70
Q

Type of ET tube used in children < 8 yrs

A

Uncuffed

71
Q

Primary parameter for selecting ET tube size

A

Size = Age (years) / 4 + 4 (age 2 years and older

72
Q
A

RCP 214 (5 decks)

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