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RCP 214 > Test 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Test 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Best type of xray to identify rib fractures

A

Oblique xrays

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2
Q

What type of xray is used for pleural effusion

A

Lateral decubitus

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3
Q

Xray signs of asthma in children

A

Flattened diaphrams
widened intercostal spaces

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4
Q

What does the inspiratory hold do during an xray?

A

enables the image to capture the lungs fully
Inflated for a better evaluation

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5
Q

What is the first thing to do to check ETT placement?

A

Get an xray ASAP

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6
Q

How does croup appear on an xray?

A

Steeple sign

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7
Q

What will appear white on an xray?

A

A foreign body aspiration or mass

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8
Q

Trachea bifurcates at the carina into the right and left mainstem bronchi at the ___ thoracic vertebrae in children and the ____ thoracic vertebra in neonate.

A

6th for children
4th for neonates

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9
Q

How far should the ETT be from the carina?

A

3-5 cm

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10
Q

Where should PICC line be placed?

A

In the R atrium of the heart

(If its in the wrong spot, the patient will have arrythmias and can cause pneumothorax)

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11
Q

What are UVC catheters used for?

A

medications and feeding

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12
Q

What are UAC catheters used for?

A

used for BP and getting blood

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13
Q

Lower gestational ages are more prone to ____ between 24-26 weeks

A

ARDS
(blown glass appearance)

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14
Q

The first line of treatment for ARDS to improve oxygenation

A

Proning

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15
Q

Causes rounded lucencies (looks like cobwebs) on xray

A

Pulmonary Interstitial Edema (PIE)

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16
Q

What causes Pulmonary Interstitial Edema?

A

Mechanical Ventilation and ARDS
(will have abnormal breath sounds)

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17
Q

What causes air bronchograms on xray?

A

Pneumonia (treated with antibiotics)
appears opaque/gray looks like filled in spaces between ribs

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18
Q

How does a pneumothorax appear on xray?

A

makes the whole side of the xray look black, won’t hear anything on that side - usually caused by a medical procedure.

(collapsed lung)

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19
Q

looks like a sail - caused by esophageal rupture

A

pneumomediastinum

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20
Q

Distress, grunting, floppy, retractions - treat with surfactant and antibiotics

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

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21
Q

stomach moves up on xray - fixed surgically

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

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22
Q

Overproduction of mucus

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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23
Q

edema or inflammation surrounding the bronchi. Looks like a cuff or halo around the bronchi - viral or bacterial pneumonia

A

Peribronchial cuffing

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24
Q

lungs are underdeveloped, congenital

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia (small thorax)

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25
Where should chest tube placement be?
between the 3rd and 4th intercostal rib
26
has no risk of ionizing radiation
MRI
27
Test of choice for diagnosing pediatric conditions
MRI
28
Signs of respiratory distress in children
29
____ tubes are used for kids 8 and under only
Uncuffed tubes
30
Formula for choosing correct ETT size in pediatrics
Age of child (3)/4 +4 = 4.75, decrease to size 4
31
Only type of intubation blade used for children
Miller (causes less trauma)
32
gold standard for determining ETT placement
Xray
33
Formula for tube placement
Tube size X 3 for children, for infants weight (inches) + 6
34
______ will move tip of ETT, even when well secured
Head flexion or extension
35
Normal cuff pressure for children
No higher than 25
36
How to measure the size of suction catheter
multiply the tube’s inner diameter by 2, then use next smallest size catheter ex. If the patient has a size 5 ETT: 2 X 5 = 10 and the next smallest size catheter is an 8
37
Image from back to front, taken with board in front of pt
Posteroanterior positioning
38
Widened intercostal spaces and flattened diaphragm indicate:
Acute asthma exacerbation
39
Inspiratory pauses allow for:
Better image/evaluation of the lungs (especially in infants)
40
Chest x rays are used as a diagnostic tool to:
Assess the position of lines, drains, and tubes
41
Lateral decubitus x ray identifies:
Presence of air, fluid or foreign body aspiration in pleural space
42
Oblique positioning is mainly for:
Rib fractures
43
Infants trachea bifurcates and get intubated between the:
T4-T6 vertebrates; anything else causes hyperinflation of right lung
44
Et tube will appear deeper with:
Small variation of pt neck
45
For head extension, place the ET tube:
Superiorly and place tip of tube above the thoracic inlet or even in the esophagus
46
Tip of lines/drains should rest:
In the stomach, below the left hemidiaphragm
47
UVC are for:
giving fluid and medicines
48
UVA is for:
getting blood
49
Central venous catheter (PICC line) rests:
In the right atrium of the heart
50
If any central venous line is misplaced it can cause:
Arrhythmias
51
MRI has no risk of:
Ionizing radiation
52
You can administer medications through
PICC Line
53
Probe has two sides of independent LED light source
One red and the other infrared
54
Fastest/most reliable SpO2 readings from
Right hand
55
One of the factors affecting SPO2 accuracy include:
Poor skin integrity
56
Co2/capnometry checks patients’:
Ventilation
57
CO2/capnometry measures patients’:
PetCO2 (partial pressure of end tidal co2)
58
-Periods of apnea and no more end tidal indicate:
Dislodged ET tubes
59
Useful for monitoring changes in CO2 with nonconventional ventilation
Transcutaneous Monitoring (TCM)
60
Hazards of ABG analysis include:
Thromboses, arterial spasm
61
Correct procedure for abg on infant:
Warm the site first, heel of foot
62
Capillary Blood Gas Analysis disadvantages/limitations:
Oxygenation status varies
63
Hazards/complications of Peripheral Artery Catheter:
Thrombosis
64
Transcutaneous monitoring is very useful for monitoring
changes in Co2 with non conventional ventilation
65
Below heart:
Post ductile
66
CAP gasses will not correlate with
O2 because it is venous
67
UAC is for:
babies who are too small
68
Complications of UAC include:
Thrombosis and infection
69
Complications of central lines
Pneumothorax and arrhythmias, thrombosis
70
Type of ET tube used in children < 8 yrs
Uncuffed
71
Primary parameter for selecting ET tube size
Size = Age (years) / 4 + 4 (age 2 years and older
72

RCP 214 (5 decks)

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