Test #4 Questions

Question 1

Which of the following is not an example of a group?

The 12-person cast of a musical theater production

Six students studying together for an exam

Seven commuters waiting together silently at a bus stop

A 4-person work team collaborating on a project via Zoom

Answer 1

Seven commuters waiting together silently at a bus stop

Question 2

One reason people join groups is to ________

Avoid having to deal with normative social influence

Decrease their cohesiveness

Avoid well-defined social roles

Accomplish objectives that are more difficult or impossible to accomplish alone

Answer 2

Accomplish objectives that are more difficult or impossible to accomplish alone

Question 3

Group cohesiveness is particularly important for a group when __________.

The group has formed for primarily social reasons

Financial decision making is involved

The group’s primary objective is problem solving

The group is diverse in terms of gender but not when it is diverse in terms of race

Answer 3

The group has formed for primarily social reasons

Question 4

From an evolutionary perspective, groups __________.

Are more productive when they have two or three members as opposed to when they are larger

Help fulfill a basic human need to affiliate and belong with others

Are better able than individuals to avoid the influence of social norms.

Often lead to immoral behavior, such as that observed among people who cover up wrongdoing

Answer 4

Help fulfill a basic human need to affiliate and belong with others

Question 5

With the redistricting of the school system, Coach Taylor’s football team for the upcoming season is more diverse than usual, with kids from a wide range of backgrounds, including socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, family status, sexual orientation, and even football experience. Research suggests which of the following conclusions regarding a diverse group such as this?

His team will avoid relying on clear social roles.

His team is likely to experience threats to morale and group cohesion, but these challenges will probably lessen as the season goes on.

His team will likely experience deficits in performance, creativity, and problem solving when compared to less diverse teams.

His team will definitely win more games than will less diverse teams.

Answer 5

His team is likely to experience threats to morale and group cohesion, but these challenges will probably lessen as the season goes on.

Question 6

The concept of social facilitation is so named because of the idea that when the presence of others is arousing, __________.

Hard tasks are facilitated, but easy tasks are impeded

Deindividuation is facilitated

This arousal facilitates a well-learned, dominant response

This arousal facilitates better task performance

Answer 6

This arousal facilitates a well-learned, dominant response

Question 7

Which of the following is not an explanation for why the presence of other people can be arousing?

The presence of other people is distracting and causes conflict, as individuals have to decide what they should pay attention to.

Having other people around makes an individual feel less accountable for his or her own actions.

When other people are around, individuals become more concerned about how they are being evaluated.

When other people are around, an individual has to be on alert in anticipation of what might happen next.

Answer 7

Having other people around makes an individual feel less accountable for his or her own actions.

Question 8

Your social psychology professor calls you up to the front of the classroom and asks you to answer a series of course-related questions out loud. Even though you feel the eyes of your classmates on you, you find the questions to be easy. According to the model of __________, you should perform __________ on these questions than you would have if you had been asked them in private, without an audience.

Social facilitation; better

Social facilitation; worse

Social loafing; better

Social loafing; worse

Answer 8

Social facilitation; better

Question 9

Which of the following individuals would you expect to be most likely to engage in social loafing?

Li, a Chinese woman

Kei, a Japanese man

Serena, an American woman

Andy, a British man

Answer 9

Andy, a British man

Question 10

Individuals experiencing deindividuation __________.

Exhibit greater conformity to specific group norms

Are less likely to engage in destructive or immoral behavior

Are unlikely to experience this feeling online, as deindividuation is much less common in virtual environments

Feel increasingly accountable for their actions

Answer 10

Exhibit greater conformity to specific group norms

Question 11

Individuals experiencing deindividuation __________.

Exhibit greater conformity to specific group norms

Are less likely to engage in destructive or immoral behavior

Are unlikely to experience this feeling online, as deindividuation is much less common in virtual environments

Feel increasingly accountable for their actions

Answer 11

Exhibit greater conformity to specific group norms

Question 12

Which of the following is not an example of process loss?

Transactive memory

Group polarization

Groupthink

Failure to share uniquely held information

Answer 12

Transactive memory

Question 13

One step that can be taken to reduce the likelihood of groupthink is __________.

Creating subgroups that meet on their own first before reconvening and sharing the content of their discussions with the group at large

Taking group votes aloud rather than relying on secret ballot or other anonymous methods

Emphasizing the importance of being unanimous

Putting in place a strong, directive group leader

Answer 13

Creating subgroups that meet on their own first before reconvening and sharing the content of their discussions with the group at large

Question 14

Walt, Jesse, Mike, and Gus are business partners trying to decide whether they should invest in a risky new direction for their company. Jesse gets the feeling that his partners are leaning toward the risky option. In order to convince his partners that he is a valued member of the company and a “good” group member, Jesse speaks up in strong, public terms in favor of the risky decision, and he leaves the meeting even more convinced than he was before that they should take the risk. Jesse’s personal shift in the risky direction illustrates the __________ explanation for group polarization.

Social comparison

Counterattitudinal

Persuasive argument

Social facilitation

Answer 14

Social comparison

Question 15

Research on personality type and leadership indicates that __________.

The most successful U.S. presidents (as rated by historians) tended to share major personality traits such as extraversion, openness to new experience, and empathy

Most successful leaders embrace agentic traits but avoid communal traits

People of all different personality types can become successful leaders

The great person theory is the best explanation for leadership success

Answer 15

People of all different personality types can become successful leaders

Question 16

A __________ leader is one who sets clear, short-term goals and rewards people for meeting them.

Communal

Transformational

Contingent

Transactional

Answer 16

Transactional

Question 17

When it comes to social dilemmas, __________.

Laboratory studies cannot be useful in understanding the escalation and persistence of group conflicts

One side always has to win, and one side always has to lose

The most beneficial course of action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, be harmful to all in the long run

An individual who adopts a cooperative strategy will always be more profitable than one who is selfish

Answer 17

The most beneficial course of action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, be harmful to all in the long run

Question 18

When it comes to social dilemmas, __________.

Laboratory studies cannot be useful in understanding the escalation and persistence of group conflicts

One side always has to win, and one side always has to lose

The most beneficial course of action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, be harmful to all in the long run

An individual who adopts a cooperative strategy will always be more profitable than one who is selfish

Answer 18

The most beneficial course of action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, be harmful to all in the long run

Question 19

Consider the prisoner’s dilemma. You will receive the worst possible outcome for yourself as an individual if __________.

You are cooperative and so is your partner

You are selfish and so is your partner

You are cooperative but your partner is selfish

You are selfish but your partner is cooperative

Answer 19

You are cooperative but your partner is selfish

Question 20

Two fishing companies, Hufflepuff and Ravenclaw, use the same body of water to catch fish. Both companies are considering building dams that would allow them to cut off the water supply and prevent the other company from fishing. Research on the power of threats indicates that if both companies build a dam and gain the ability to prevent the other from fishing, __________.

Conflict will decrease because each side has equal threat capacity

Conflict will increase because each side has equal threat capacity

Conflict will increase, but only if communication between the two companies is prevented

Conflict will increase slightly, but not as much as it would if only one side built a dam and had threat capacity

Answer 20

Conflict will increase because each side has equal threat capacity

Question 21

A(n) __________ solution is an outcome to a negotiation in which each side concedes on issues that are unimportant to it but are important to the other side.

Tit-for-tat

Transactive

Integrative

Communal

Answer 21

Integrative

Question 22

According to Sigmund Freud, __________ is an inevitable by-product of civilization.

Negotiation

Psychology

Cooperation

Conflict

Answer 22

Conflict

Question 23

Which of the following is the best example of altruistic behavior?

Jawal anonymously donates $100 to a homeless shelter.

Julie puts a dollar in the church collection basket because everyone else donates.

Robert volunteers at his son’s school to help out his class.

Maria helps her husband with the dishes with the hope that he will cook dinner more often.

Answer 23

Jawal anonymously donates $100 to a homeless shelter.

Question 24

Evolutionary psychology would have the most trouble explaining which of the following incidents?

Clint risks his life to save his nephew who was drowning.

Natalia runs in front of a moving car to keep her daughter from being hit.

When Julio was put in the unfortunate situation of saving his cousin or his son in a boating accident, he chose to save his son.

When Usha was in a building that caught on fire, she let everyone else exit before her, even though she didn’t know them.

Answer 24

When Usha was in a building that caught on fire, she let everyone else exit before her, even though she didn’t know them.

Question 25

According to social exchange theory, which of the following people is most likely to give money to a homeless person?

Kwame, who wants to impress his date by helping the homeless person

Jade, who feels empathy for the homeless person

Jack, who is related to the homeless person

Emma, who has a genetic predisposition for helping people

Answer 25

Kwame, who wants to impress his date by helping the homeless person

Question 26

According to Batson’s empathy–altruism theory, which of the following people is most likely to give money to a homeless person?

Jack, who is related to the homeless person

Jade, who feels empathy for the homeless person

Both Jade and Bill are likely to give money

Kwame, who wants to impress his date by helping the homeless person

Answer 26

Both Jade and Bill are likely to give money

Question 27

Which of the following is true?

If a person has an altruistic personality, then they are quite likely to overcome situational pressures preventing them from helping someone.

People with high scores on tests of altruism are not that much more likely to help another person than people with low scores.

The genes for an altruistic personality have been identified by evolutionary psychologists.

People with high scores on tests of altruism are much more likely to help another person than people with low scores.

Answer 27

People with high scores on tests of altruism are not that much more likely to help another person than people with low scores.

Question 28

Which of the following is true?

If a person has an altruistic personality, then they are quite likely to overcome situational pressures preventing them from helping someone.

People with high scores on tests of altruism are not that much more likely to help another person than people with low scores.

The genes for an altruistic personality have been identified by evolutionary psychologists.

People with high scores on tests of altruism are much more likely to help another person than people with low scores.

Answer 28

People with high scores on tests of altruism are not that much more likely to help another person than people with low scores.

Question 29

__________ is most likely to dive into a pond to save a drowning child, whereas __________ is most likely to do errands for an elderly neighbor every week.

A Western citizen; an East Asian citizen

An East Asian citizen; a Western citizen

A man; a woman

A woman; a man

Answer 29

A man; a woman

Question 30

In which city are people most likely to help a blind person cross a street?

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Budapest, Hungary

Amsterdam, Netherlands

New York, USA

Answer 30

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Question 31

Which person is least likely to help a blind person cross the street?

Olvia, who just got a D on a paper and is thus feeling sad

Brandon, who just cheated on his girlfriend and is thus feeling guilty

Silvi, who just got an A on a paper and is thus in a good mood

Marco, who is having a normal day and is in a neutral mood

Answer 31

Marco, who is having a normal day and is in a neutral mood

Question 32

Which of the following people is most likely to agree to help clean up a park in a large city?

Jiaying, who has lived in that city her entire life

David, who just played a violent video game

Dev, who just moved that city

Rachel, who grew up in a small town

Answer 32

Jiaying, who has lived in that city her entire life

Question 33

Which one of the following is not part of the Bystander Intervention Decision Tree?

Assuming responsibility

Having an altruistic personality

Interpreting an event as an emergency

Knowing the appropriate form of assistance

Answer 33

Having an altruistic personality

Question 33

Which one of the following is not part of the Bystander Intervention Decision Tree?

Assuming responsibility

Having an altruistic personality

Interpreting an event as an emergency

Knowing the appropriate form of assistance

Answer 33

Having an altruistic personality

Question 34

Suppose that Jinyi sends a Tweet asking for someone to help her move a couch into her apartment. Under which of these conditions is one of her followers mostly likely to agree to help?

Jinyi just began tweeting and has only a few followers.

Jinyi lives in a very large city.

Jinyi has a very large number of followers.

Jinyi grew up in the United States.

Answer 34

Jinyi just began tweeting and has only a few followers.

Question 35

Suppose that Jinyi sends a Tweet asking for someone to help her move a couch into her apartment. Under which of these conditions is one of her followers mostly likely to agree to help?

Jinyi just began tweeting and has only a few followers.

Jinyi lives in a very large city.

Jinyi has a very large number of followers.

Jinyi grew up in the United States.

Answer 35

Jinyi just began tweeting and has only a few followers.

Question 36

Which of the following people is least likely to help someone who dropped a folder of papers on their way to class?

Ben, who just played the videogame Tetris

Chanel, who just listened to the Beatles song “Help!”

Julia, who just listened to Bill Withers’ song “Lean on Me”

Owen, who just played the videogame Lemmings

Answer 36

Ben, who just played the videogame Tetris

Question 37

Which of the following is true?

As a result of learning about the social psychology of prosocial behavior, you may be more likely to help someone in need in the future.

People are always grateful for offers to help them.

Hearing a lecture about prosocial behavior and bystander intervention isn’t likely to change how people behave in a real emergency.

If someone doesn’t want to help others, there isn’t much we can do to change that.

Answer 37

As a result of learning about the social psychology of prosocial behavior, you may be more likely to help someone in need in the future.

Question 37

Which of the following is true?

As a result of learning about the social psychology of prosocial behavior, you may be more likely to help someone in need in the future.

People are always grateful for offers to help them.

Hearing a lecture about prosocial behavior and bystander intervention isn’t likely to change how people behave in a real emergency.

If someone doesn’t want to help others, there isn’t much we can do to change that.

Answer 37

As a result of learning about the social psychology of prosocial behavior, you may be more likely to help someone in need in the future.

Question 38

A company is considering offering its employees the opportunity to do community service. Which of the following would you recommend they do, based on research in social psychology?

Offer incentives for doing the community service, such as extra vacation days.

Make sure that people feel that doing the community service is voluntary.

Assign people to different community agencies.

Make the community service mandatory.

Answer 38

Make sure that people feel that doing the community service is voluntary.

Question 39

Which of the following people would be most admired by their peers?

Kevin works at a soup kitchen each week as part of a mandatory community service requirement at his job.

Jun failed to help in an emergency because he thought someone else had already called 911.

Victoria volunteers at a hospital because she thinks it will look good on her college applications.

Shamika volunteers at a shelter for homeless families because she really likes working with the kids.

Answer 39

Shamika volunteers at a shelter for homeless families because she really likes working with the kids.