Test #4 Questions Flashcards by Ella Millere

Which of the following is not an example of a group?

The 12-person cast of a musical theater production

Six students studying together for an exam

Seven commuters waiting together silently at a bus stop

A 4-person work team collaborating on a project via Zoom

Seven commuters waiting together silently at a bus stop

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One reason people join groups is to ________

Avoid having to deal with normative social influence

Decrease their cohesiveness

Avoid well-defined social roles

Accomplish objectives that are more difficult or impossible to accomplish alone

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Group cohesiveness is particularly important for a group when __________.

The group has formed for primarily social reasons

Financial decision making is involved

The group’s primary objective is problem solving

The group is diverse in terms of gender but not when it is diverse in terms of race

The group has formed for primarily social reasons

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From an evolutionary perspective, groups __________.

Are more productive when they have two or three members as opposed to when they are larger

Help fulfill a basic human need to affiliate and belong with others

Are better able than individuals to avoid the influence of social norms.

Often lead to immoral behavior, such as that observed among people who cover up wrongdoing

Help fulfill a basic human need to affiliate and belong with others

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With the redistricting of the school system, Coach Taylor’s football team for the upcoming season is more diverse than usual, with kids from a wide range of backgrounds, including socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, family status, sexual orientation, and even football experience. Research suggests which of the following conclusions regarding a diverse group such as this?

His team will avoid relying on clear social roles.

His team is likely to experience threats to morale and group cohesion, but these challenges will probably lessen as the season goes on.

His team will likely experience deficits in performance, creativity, and problem solving when compared to less diverse teams.

His team will definitely win more games than will less diverse teams.

His team is likely to experience threats to morale and group cohesion, but these challenges will probably lessen as the season goes on.

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The concept of social facilitation is so named because of the idea that when the presence of others is arousing, __________.

Hard tasks are facilitated, but easy tasks are impeded

Deindividuation is facilitated

This arousal facilitates a well-learned, dominant response

This arousal facilitates better task performance

This arousal facilitates a well-learned, dominant response

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Which of the following is not an explanation for why the presence of other people can be arousing?

The presence of other people is distracting and causes conflict, as individuals have to decide what they should pay attention to.

Having other people around makes an individual feel less accountable for his or her own actions.

When other people are around, individuals become more concerned about how they are being evaluated.

When other people are around, an individual has to be on alert in anticipation of what might happen next.

Having other people around makes an individual feel less accountable for his or her own actions.

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Your social psychology professor calls you up to the front of the classroom and asks you to answer a series of course-related questions out loud. Even though you feel the eyes of your classmates on you, you find the questions to be easy. According to the model of __________, you should perform __________ on these questions than you would have if you had been asked them in private, without an audience.

Social facilitation; better

Social facilitation; worse

Social loafing; better

Social loafing; worse

Social facilitation; better

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Which of the following individuals would you expect to be most likely to engage in social loafing?

Li, a Chinese woman

Kei, a Japanese man

Serena, an American woman

Andy, a British man

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Individuals experiencing deindividuation __________.

Exhibit greater conformity to specific group norms

Are less likely to engage in destructive or immoral behavior

Are unlikely to experience this feeling online, as deindividuation is much less common in virtual environments

Feel increasingly accountable for their actions

Exhibit greater conformity to specific group norms

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Individuals experiencing deindividuation __________.

Exhibit greater conformity to specific group norms

Are less likely to engage in destructive or immoral behavior

Are unlikely to experience this feeling online, as deindividuation is much less common in virtual environments

Feel increasingly accountable for their actions

Exhibit greater conformity to specific group norms

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Which of the following is not an example of process loss?

Transactive memory

Group polarization

Groupthink

Failure to share uniquely held information

Transactive memory

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One step that can be taken to reduce the likelihood of groupthink is __________.

Creating subgroups that meet on their own first before reconvening and sharing the content of their discussions with the group at large

Taking group votes aloud rather than relying on secret ballot or other anonymous methods

Emphasizing the importance of being unanimous

Putting in place a strong, directive group leader

Creating subgroups that meet on their own first before reconvening and sharing the content of their discussions with the group at large

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Walt, Jesse, Mike, and Gus are business partners trying to decide whether they should invest in a risky new direction for their company. Jesse gets the feeling that his partners are leaning toward the risky option. In order to convince his partners that he is a valued member of the company and a “good” group member, Jesse speaks up in strong, public terms in favor of the risky decision, and he leaves the meeting even more convinced than he was before that they should take the risk. Jesse’s personal shift in the risky direction illustrates the __________ explanation for group polarization.

Social comparison

Counterattitudinal

Persuasive argument

Social facilitation

Social comparison

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Research on personality type and leadership indicates that __________.

The most successful U.S. presidents (as rated by historians) tended to share major personality traits such as extraversion, openness to new experience, and empathy

Most successful leaders embrace agentic traits but avoid communal traits

People of all different personality types can become successful leaders

The great person theory is the best explanation for leadership success

People of all different personality types can become successful leaders

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A __________ leader is one who sets clear, short-term goals and rewards people for meeting them.

Communal

Transformational

Contingent

Transactional

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When it comes to social dilemmas, __________.

Laboratory studies cannot be useful in understanding the escalation and persistence of group conflicts

One side always has to win, and one side always has to lose

The most beneficial course of action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, be harmful to all in the long run

An individual who adopts a cooperative strategy will always be more profitable than one who is selfish

The most beneficial course of action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, be harmful to all in the long run

When it comes to social dilemmas, __________.

Laboratory studies cannot be useful in understanding the escalation and persistence of group conflicts

One side always has to win, and one side always has to lose

The most beneficial course of action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, be harmful to all in the long run

An individual who adopts a cooperative strategy will always be more profitable than one who is selfish

The most beneficial course of action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, be harmful to all in the long run

Consider the prisoner’s dilemma. You will receive the worst possible outcome for yourself as an individual if __________.

You are cooperative and so is your partner

You are selfish and so is your partner

You are cooperative but your partner is selfish

You are selfish but your partner is cooperative

You are cooperative but your partner is selfish

Two fishing companies, Hufflepuff and Ravenclaw, use the same body of water to catch fish. Both companies are considering building dams that would allow them to cut off the water supply and prevent the other company from fishing. Research on the power of threats indicates that if both companies build a dam and gain the ability to prevent the other from fishing, __________.

Conflict will decrease because each side has equal threat capacity

Conflict will increase because each side has equal threat capacity

Conflict will increase, but only if communication between the two companies is prevented

Conflict will increase slightly, but not as much as it would if only one side built a dam and had threat capacity

Conflict will increase because each side has equal threat capacity

A(n) __________ solution is an outcome to a negotiation in which each side concedes on issues that are unimportant to it but are important to the other side.

Tit-for-tat

Transactive

Integrative

Communal

Integrative

According to Sigmund Freud, __________ is an inevitable by-product of civilization.

Negotiation

Psychology

Cooperation

Conflict

Which of the following is the best example of altruistic behavior?

Jawal anonymously donates $100 to a homeless shelter.

Julie puts a dollar in the church collection basket because everyone else donates.

Robert volunteers at his son’s school to help out his class.

Maria helps her husband with the dishes with the hope that he will cook dinner more often.

Jawal anonymously donates $100 to a homeless shelter.

Evolutionary psychology would have the most trouble explaining which of the following incidents?

Clint risks his life to save his nephew who was drowning.

Natalia runs in front of a moving car to keep her daughter from being hit.

When Julio was put in the unfortunate situation of saving his cousin or his son in a boating accident, he chose to save his son.

When Usha was in a building that caught on fire, she let everyone else exit before her, even though she didn’t know them.

According to social exchange theory, which of the following people is most likely to give money to a homeless person? Kwame, who wants to impress his date by helping the homeless person Jade, who feels empathy for the homeless person Jack, who is related to the homeless person Emma, who has a genetic predisposition for helping people

Kwame, who wants to impress his date by helping the homeless person

According to Batson’s empathy–altruism theory, which of the following people is most likely to give money to a homeless person? Jack, who is related to the homeless person Jade, who feels empathy for the homeless person Both Jade and Bill are likely to give money Kwame, who wants to impress his date by helping the homeless person

Both Jade and Bill are likely to give money

Which of the following is true? If a person has an altruistic personality, then they are quite likely to overcome situational pressures preventing them from helping someone. People with high scores on tests of altruism are not that much more likely to help another person than people with low scores. The genes for an altruistic personality have been identified by evolutionary psychologists. People with high scores on tests of altruism are much more likely to help another person than people with low scores.

People with high scores on tests of altruism are not that much more likely to help another person than people with low scores.

__________ is most likely to dive into a pond to save a drowning child, whereas __________ is most likely to do errands for an elderly neighbor every week. A Western citizen; an East Asian citizen An East Asian citizen; a Western citizen A man; a woman A woman; a man

A man; a woman

In which city are people most likely to help a blind person cross a street? Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Budapest, Hungary Amsterdam, Netherlands New York, USA

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Which person is least likely to help a blind person cross the street? Olvia, who just got a D on a paper and is thus feeling sad Brandon, who just cheated on his girlfriend and is thus feeling guilty Silvi, who just got an A on a paper and is thus in a good mood Marco, who is having a normal day and is in a neutral mood

Marco, who is having a normal day and is in a neutral mood

Which of the following people is most likely to agree to help clean up a park in a large city? Jiaying, who has lived in that city her entire life David, who just played a violent video game Dev, who just moved that city Rachel, who grew up in a small town

Jiaying, who has lived in that city her entire life

Which one of the following is not part of the Bystander Intervention Decision Tree? Assuming responsibility Having an altruistic personality Interpreting an event as an emergency Knowing the appropriate form of assistance

Having an altruistic personality

Suppose that Jinyi sends a Tweet asking for someone to help her move a couch into her apartment. Under which of these conditions is one of her followers mostly likely to agree to help? Jinyi just began tweeting and has only a few followers. Jinyi lives in a very large city. Jinyi has a very large number of followers. Jinyi grew up in the United States.

Jinyi just began tweeting and has only a few followers.

Which of the following people is least likely to help someone who dropped a folder of papers on their way to class? Ben, who just played the videogame Tetris Chanel, who just listened to the Beatles song “Help!” Julia, who just listened to Bill Withers’ song “Lean on Me” Owen, who just played the videogame Lemmings

Ben, who just played the videogame Tetris

Which of the following is true? As a result of learning about the social psychology of prosocial behavior, you may be more likely to help someone in need in the future. People are always grateful for offers to help them. Hearing a lecture about prosocial behavior and bystander intervention isn’t likely to change how people behave in a real emergency. If someone doesn’t want to help others, there isn’t much we can do to change that.

As a result of learning about the social psychology of prosocial behavior, you may be more likely to help someone in need in the future.

A company is considering offering its employees the opportunity to do community service. Which of the following would you recommend they do, based on research in social psychology? Offer incentives for doing the community service, such as extra vacation days. Make sure that people feel that doing the community service is voluntary. Assign people to different community agencies. Make the community service mandatory.

Make sure that people feel that doing the community service is voluntary.

Which of the following people would be most admired by their peers? Kevin works at a soup kitchen each week as part of a mandatory community service requirement at his job. Jun failed to help in an emergency because he thought someone else had already called 911. Victoria volunteers at a hospital because she thinks it will look good on her college applications. Shamika volunteers at a shelter for homeless families because she really likes working with the kids.

Shamika volunteers at a shelter for homeless families because she really likes working with the kids.