Ch 11

Question 1

the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper

Answer 1

altruism

Question 2

the qualities that cause an individual to help in a wide variety of situations

Answer 2

altruistic personality

Question 3

the finding that the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help

Answer 3

bystander effect

Question 4

the phenomenon wherein each bystander’s sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases

Answer 4

diffusion of responsibility

Question 5

the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions the way that person experiences them

Answer 5

empathy

Question 6

the idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person for purely altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain

Answer 6

empathy-altruism hypothesis

Question 7

the group with which an individual identifies as a member

Answer 7

in-group

Question 8

the idea that behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection

Answer 8

kin selection

Question 9

the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future

Answer 9

norm of reciprocity

Question 10

any group with which an individual does not identify

Answer 10

out-groups

Question 11

the case in which people think that everyone else in interpreting a situation in a certain way, when in fact they are not

Answer 11

pluralistic ignorance

Question 12

any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person

Answer 12

prosocial behavior

Question 13

the theory that people living in cities are constantly bombarded with stimulation and that they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed by it

Answer 13

urban overload hypothesis