Test 4 - Module 12: Buffers

Question 1

Buffers are solutions that contain a ______ and its conjugate base or a ______ and its conjugate acid

Answer 1

weak acid; weak base

Question 2

Buffers are solutions that contain a weak acid and its ______ or a weak base and its _______

Answer 2

conjugate base;
conjugate acid

Question 3

What do buffers do when strong acids or bases are added in limited quantity?

Answer 3

resist change to pH

Question 4

Buffers resist change to pH when _____ or ____ are added in limited quantity

Answer 4

strong acid; strong base

Question 5

What is “buffer capacity”

Answer 5

the limit to the amount of acid/base that can be added before the buffer loses its ability to resist change.

Question 6

What is the limit to the amount of acid/base that can be added before the buffer loses its ability to resist change.

Answer 6

buffer capacity

Question 7

What is Le Chateliers Principle?

Answer 7

when a system at equilibrium is disturbed the system will adjust to re-establish equilibrium

Question 8

Blood pH is controlled through pH regulation which is a function of the buffer systems of the body in combination with the _____ and ____ systems

Answer 8

respiratory and renal

Question 9

the three main buffer systems are?

Answer 9

1. bicarb
2. phosphate
3. protein

Question 10

The respiratory system directly impacts the ______buffer system through control of blood ___levels

Answer 10

carbonic acid
CO2

Question 11

The renal system is regulated by carious buffer systems and works to remove _____ through the kidneys

Answer 11

Hydrogen ions

Question 12

True/false: The charge of a drug compound is on factor that can dictate the movement of acid/base drugs across a cell membrane

Answer 12

true

Question 13

charge is controlled by both the ____ of a solution and the _____ of the drug

Answer 13

pH; pKa

Question 14

The Henderson-hasselbalch equation can also be used to determine the amounts of _______ at a particular pH

Answer 14

charged species

Question 15

Drug absorption via passive diffusion is directly related to the amount of ______ drug

Answer 15

ionized:unionized

Question 16

The majority of local anesthetics are _____ (strong/weak; acid/base)

Answer 16

weak bases

Question 17

The majority of local anesthetics are weak bases; therefore those drugs with a pKa closer to physiological pH will exist in the more ______ form

Answer 17

lipid-soluble unionized

Question 18

The majority of local anesthetics are weak bases; therefore those drugs with a pKa closer to physiological pH will exist in the more lipid-soluble unionized form. What will this allow?

Answer 18

better cross the axonal membrane to initiate onset