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Pharmacology > Test 4 Immunology PART 1 > Flashcards

Test 4 Immunology PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclosporin Teaching

A

Calcineurin inhibitor
Used to treat Psoriasis
Used for prophylaxis of transplant rejection
TAKE WITH FOOD AND DO NOT MIX WITH STYROFOAM

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2
Q

Glucocorticoids Assessment

A

Immunosuppressant - used to treat inflammation
ASSESSMENT:
-Monitor for indication of infection (contraindicated in active infections)
-????

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3
Q

Glucocorticoids Therapeutic Class

A

Steroids

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4
Q

Immunostimulant nursing care

A
  • Keep clients well hydrated

- Assess for changes in mental status - including suicidal ideation

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5
Q

Immunosuppressant education

A 
Prevents tissue rejection following transplant
EDUCATION:
Important:
- Avoid crowds, fresh fruit, vegetables, flowers
- Fever first sign of infection
- Blood test to monitor blood dyscrasias
- Never stop suddenly.. taper off
Secondary:
- Strict handwashing
- May need to avoid vaccines
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6
Q

Titers

A

Can determine immunity or effectiveness of most vaccines

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7
Q

Acetaminophen and Drug Interactions

A

WARFARIN - Inhibits warfarin metabolism and may cause toxic accumulation of warfarin

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8
Q

Acetaminophen Pt teaching

A
  • No anti-inflammatory effect and not an NSAID
  • Should be used in children instead of aspirin to prevent Reyes Syndrome
  • Maximum dose 3g/d
  • —Must check all OTC meds because Acetaminophen in most of them
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9
Q

Glucocorticoids side effect

A 
Serious Adverse Effects:
Hyperglycemia
Mood changes
Peptic Ulcers
Osteoporosis

Secondary:
Cataracts
Electrolyte imbalance
Suppression of Adrenal Gland function

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10
Q

Histamine Role

A

Causes inflammation and Allergies

Makes capillaries more permeable to allow WBC and some proteins so they can engage pathogens in the infected tissue

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11
Q

NSAID maximum dose

A

Ibuprofen: 3200 mg (800 mg q6h)
Aspirin: 4g/d

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12
Q

NSAID side effect outcomes

A 
Aspirin: 
-May cause bleeding
-Tinnitus
-Dizziness
Ibuprofen:
-Gastric irritation and bleeding (
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13
Q

Steroids Teaching

A
  • Discontinue gradually - use lowest dose possible
  • May cause Cushing’s Syndrome
  • Can mask infections

ADVERSE EFFECTS:

  • Hyperglycemia
  • Mood Changes
  • Peptic Ulcers
  • Osteoporosis
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14
Q

Antibiotic Assessment

A

VANCOMYCIN:

  • Narrow therapeutic window - requires peak and trough blood draws
  • Nephrotoxic - be sure adequate hydration

PENICILLIN:

  • Assess previous drug reactions to penicillin
  • Avoid cephalosporins if client has history of severe penicillin allergy

CEPHALOSPORIN:

  • Assess for presence or history of bleeding disorders
  • Assess renal and hepatic function

TETRACYCLINE:
-Contraindicated for clients who are pregnant or lactating

MACROLIDE:

  • Assess presence of respiratory infection
  • History of cardiac disorders
  • Monitor hepatic enzymes

SULFONOMIDE:
-Assess for anemia and other hematological disorders

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15
Q

Antibiotics and Lab Tests

A

Use of culture and sensitivity testing before first dose of ABX

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16
Q

Antibiotics Side Effects

A

VANCOMYCIN:

  • Red man syndrome
  • Nephrotoxic - be sure adequate hydration

PENICILLIN:

  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypernatremia
  • Monitor cardiac status, include ECG changes
  • GI effects
  • Oral/Vaginal candidiasis
  • generalized rash
  • anaphylaxis

CEPHALOSPORIN:
-Some cause disulfiram-like reactions with alcohol (disulfiram is a drug that causes unpleasant reaction to alcohol)

TETRACYCLINE:
-photosensitivity

MICROLIDE:

  • GI disturbances
  • IV site irritation

AMINOGLYCOSIDE:

  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity

FLUOROQUINOLONE:

  • Dizziness and light headedness
  • may affect tendons in children and elderly

SULFONOMIDE:

  • can induce skin abnormality called Steven-Johnsons syndrome
  • Photosensitivity
  • crystalluria
17
Q

Gentamicin Assessment

A

Aminoglycoside
Check for hearing loss (ototoxicity is adverse effect)

DRUG GUIDE: Blood level monitoring and assessment of renal function

18
Q

Multiple Antibiotics Sequelae (After effect of a disease)

A

Decreases risk of resistance
Secondary infection: Primarily Candida Albicans
Signs and symptoms: diarrhea, bladder pain, painful urination, abnormal vaginal discharge, itching

19
Q

TB treatment X2

A

Multiple drug therapy used to treat TB
Treat for 6-12 months
4 for 2 months
2 for 6 months

Take Vit B6 to prevent neuritis
Isoniazid is the most likely drug to be used

20
Q

Tetracycline Education

A 
Don't take if pregnant or lactating
Not for children <8
-----causes permanent mottling and discoloration of teeth
Decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives 
Do not take with...
milk products
iron supplements
magnesium containing laxatives
antacids
21
Q

Vancomycin Side Effects

A

—drug of choice for MRSA
Red man syndrome
Nephrotoxic

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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