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Fire Science > Test 4 Hazmat Terms > Flashcards

Test 4 Hazmat Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

A substance or material, including a hazardous
substance, that has been determined by the
Secretary of Transportation to be capable of
posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety,
and property when transported in commerce,
and which has been so designated.

A

Per U.S. Department of Transportation

DOT

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2
Q

Any chemical that must be reported to the
appropriate authorities, if released, above the
threshold reporting quantity.

The H.S. are listed and identified in Title III of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986 (SARA)

This agency regulates HAZMAT

A

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

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3
Q

• Any chemical that is a health hazard or a physical
hazard.
• Any chemical that would be a risk to employees if they
were exposed in the workplace
• Covers a broader group of chemicals other than
chemical terms

A

Occupational Health & Safety Administration

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4
Q

Temperature at which a liquid changes to

a gaseous state

A

BOILING POINT (BP)

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5
Q

Pressure explosion involving flammable liquids

and gases

A

BLEVE

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6
Q

• Similar to a BLEVE but occurs with
nonflammable products.
• Will not have the characteristic fireball.

A

Violent Tank Rupture

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7
Q

The amount of a product compared to the

amount of water present

A

CONCENTRATION

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8
Q 
• Indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in
materials being tested.
• Unit of measurement is the pH scale.
• pH scale runs 0 to 14
• 0 - 6 is an acid
• 8 – 14 is a base
• 7 is considered to be neutral
A

CORROSIVITY (PH)

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9
Q

• Refers to gases
converted to liquids
for storage and
transportation.

• Substances at
temperatures below
-130o F. or lower.

A

CRYOGENIC

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10
Q

Operation to keep hazardous materials in

as small an area as possible

A

CONFINEMENT

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11
Q

Operations designed to keep

product in the container itself.

A

CONTAINMENT

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12
Q 
Substance that
speeds up a
chemical
reaction, but is
not consumed
by the reaction.
A

CATALYST

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13
Q

minimum temperature
at and above which vapor of the substance
cannot be liquefied no matter how much
pressure is applied

A

Critical Temperature

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14
Q

the pressure that must be
applied to bring a gas to its liquid state at is
critical temperature.

A

Critical pressure

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15
Q

The amount of gas (vapor) produced by a given

volume of liquid at a given temperature.

A

EXPANSION RATIO

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16
Q

A chemical
reaction that
absorbs heat.

A

ENDOTHERMIC

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17
Q

A chemical
reaction that
evolves (releases)
heat

A

EXOTHERMIC

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18
Q

• The percentage of flammable gas vapor in air.
• Consists of a lower limit (LEL) and upper
limit (UEL).

A

FLAMMABLE RANGE

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19
Q

Materials which ignite on contact with each

other; often a fuel and an oxidizer

A

HYPERGOLIC MATERIALS

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20
Q

The tendency of a substance to
undergo chemical reaction, either by
itself or with other materials, and to
release energy, i.e. organic peroxides

A

REACTIVITY

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21
Q

Temperature at which a solid

becomes a liquid.

A

MELTING POINT

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22
Q

The percentage of a material (by weight) that

will dissolve in water at ambient temperature

A

SOLUBILITY

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23
Q

Liquids that dissolve into each other

A

Miscible

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24
Q

Liquids that do not readily dissolve into

each other

A

Immiscible

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25
Q

Agent added to a product to control a

chemical reaction or polymerization.

A

INHIBITOR

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26
Q

Capable of being
ignited upon contact
with air.

A

PYROPHORIC MATERIALS

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27
Q 
Chemical process
where single molecules
known as monomers
react with others of
their kind to form long
chains called polymers.
• Produces high heat
• Material will expand in volume
A

POLYMERIZATION

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28
Q 
Is a
mixture in which
all ingredients are
completely
dissolved
A

SOLUTION

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29
Q

Is a
pourable mixture
of a solid and a
liquid.

A

SLURRY

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30
Q

Process in which a substance passes
directly from a solid state to the
vapor state without becoming a
liquid.

A

SUBLIMATION

31
Q

The name by which a substance is
known to the trade or the
commercial market, usually not a
chemical term

A

TRADE NAME

32
Q

A measure of the thickness of a liquid;

determines how easily it will flow.

A

VISCOSITY

33
Q

• Describes the ease with which a liquid or solid
can pass into the vapor state.
• The higher a liquid’s vapor pressure the more
_________ it is.

A

VOLATILITY

34
Q

Any destructive device, such as any explosive,
incendiary, or poison gas bomb, grenade, rocket
having a propellant charge of more than four
ounces, missile having an explosive or
incendiary charge of more than one quarter
ounce (7 grams), mine or device similar to the
above.

A

WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION

35
Q

A metal disc which is part of a safety device,
and which is intended to burst and allow
the gas to escape within predetermined
pressure limits to prevent the rupture of
the container.

A

FRANGIBLE DISC

36
Q 
A safety device which
has a channel, filled
with a suitable low
melting alloy and is
intended to yield at a
predetermined
temperature
A

FUSIBLE PLUG

37
Q

A safety relief device containing an
operating part that is held normally in
position, closing a relief channel by spring
force and is intended to open and close at
predetermined pressure.

A

SAFETY RELIEF VALVE

38
Q

corrosive

A

acids

39
Q

caustic

A

bases

40
Q

who governs hazardous materials?

A

OSHA, EPA, DOT, FDA, TRRC, TCEQ

41
Q

Enacted by congress, signed by president

A

LAWS

42
Q

Written by government agencies

A

regulations

43
Q

chemical exposures routes of entry

A

inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, injection

44
Q

appears in the first 30 days, lasts no longer than 4 weeks

A

acute stress disorder

45
Q

lasts 30 days to 2 years after incident

A

PTSD

46
Q

Developed by non-regulatory consensus
committees (NFPA, ANSI); do NOT have
weight of law but can be applied by
regulating agency in court

A

Standard

47
Q

Established to address abandoned hazardous

waste sites

A

Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA)
of 1986

48
Q 
Also known as SARA, Title III
 Purpose
 encourage and support emergency
planning efforts at the state and local
levels
 to provide the public and local
governments with information
concerning potential chemical
hazards present in their communities
A

Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know
Act of 1986

49
Q

Write emergency plans to protect the public from
chemical accidents
 Establish procedures to warn and, if necessary,
evacuate the public in case of an emergency
 Provide citizens and local governments with
information about hazardous chemicals and
accidental releases of chemicals in their
communities
 Assist in the preparation of public reports on annual
release of toxic chemicals into the air, water, and
soil

A

State and Local Emergency

Planning Committees

50
Q 
 Must include (at a minimum):
 Elected state and local officials
 Police, fire, civil defense, and
public health professionals
 Environment, transportation, and
hospital officials
 Facility representatives
 Representatives from community
groups and the media
A

Local Emergency

Planning Committee

51
Q 
One storing 10,000 lbs. of a
reportable chemical
One storing any EPA-listed
Extremely Hazardous
Substance
A

reporting facility

52
Q 
 29 CFR 1910.120
 Covers emergency response
operations for releases of, or
substantial threats of releases
of, hazardous substances
regardless of the location of
the hazard (one of five
groups)
Haz-Mat Teams
A

HAZWOPER
(Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency
Response Standard)

53
Q 
 Establishes levels of training for
emergency responders
 Awareness
 Operations
 Technician
 On-Scene Incident Commander
 Specialist
 Establishes regulations for medical
monitoring of employees
A

HAZWOPER

54
Q

Standard for Competence of Responders to
Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass
Destruction Incidents, 2018 ed.

A

NFPA 472 or 1072

55
Q

Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel
Responding to Hazardous Materials/Weapons
of Mass Destruction Incidents, 2018 ed.

A

NFPA 473 or 1073

56
Q 
• 29 CFR 1910.1200
• Now aligned with UN's Globally
Harmonized System of Classification
and Labeling of Chemicals
• Requires employers to provide SDS for
all chemicals located at facility
• SDS must be provided to emergency
responders upon arrival at an incident
A

Hazard Communication Act

HazCom

57
Q

 1st law to set groundwork for regulating fire service
 Established prohibitions and requirements
concerning closed and abandoned hazardous
waste sites
 Provided for liability of persons responsible for
releases of hazardous waste at these sites
 Established a trust fund to provide for cleanup when
no responsible party could be identified
 Also known as Superfund Act

A

Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA)

58
Q

max level to which a worker can be exposed to for 30 minutes and escape without suffering irreversible effects

A

IDLH

59
Q

exposure to living micro-organisms, that cause or may cause human
disease.

  • Bloodborne pathogens and biological materials.
  • Viruses
  • Bacteria
A

Etiological

60
Q

Particles that lose energy very rapidly,
does not penetrate very far. Blocked by clothing
and skin, no harm outside the body.

A

Alpha Radiation

61
Q

Larger particles; cause harm to skin,
blocked by layers of clothing or thin layer of
aluminum. Minor damage outside the body.

A

Beta Radiation

62
Q

High energy which passes through
the body easily damaging all organs of the body.
Several feet of concrete or several inches of
lead needed for protection. Bunker gear offers
no protection

A

Gamma

63
Q

Greater the distance from the source the less radiation exposure
received. As radius doubles, exposure decreases by a factor of 4.

A

Distance

64
Q

Body exposed to large dose over a short time period.

• Last from seconds to 72 hours.

A

Acute

65
Q

A continual or repeated exposure to a hazardous material.

• Exposure over many weeks to many years.

A

Chronic

66
Q 
• this cause irreversible tissue damage.
• this can also damage the lungs when inhaled, or the mouth and gastrointestinal tract
if swallowed.
• Most are acids or bases
• Turnout gear cannot protect you from effects of this
• The effects of this depend on:
• Concentration
• Strength
A

CORROSIVES

67
Q

A chemical that is not corrosive but that causes a reversible inflammatory
effect on living tissue by chemical action at site of contact.

A

IRRITANTS

68
Q

• _________ are chemicals that cause allergic reactions after repeated
exposures.
• Reactions vary depending on the individual and route of exposure
• Inhalation may result in an asthma-like reaction in the short term.
• Repeated exposure may result in permanent lung disease
• Skin exposure may result in irritation, sometimes several hours after
exposure.

A

SENSITIZERS

69
Q

• Agents that cause or suspected to cause cancer.
• Little is known about the effect of exposure to multiple carcinogens as might occur
during a fire.
• Examples: benzene, asbestos, vinyl chloride

A

CARCINOGENS

70
Q
  • Primary toxic effect to the nervous system
  • May cause either temporary or permanent damage.
  • May effect one or both of the following:
  • Central nervous system - brain and the spinal cord
  • Peripheral nervous system - nerves controlling the extremities.
  • Transportation incidents involves solvents such as fuel.
  • Solvent exposure can cause central nervous system effects that can be short-termed or permanent.
  • Effects include:
  • Dizziness
  • Impaired judgment and reflex time
A

NEUROTOXINS

71
Q
  • This may include:
  • Viruses:
  • HIV, Hepatitis A, B, or C.
  • Avoid exposure to blood and other body fluids
  • Vaccinations for hepatitis B is available.
  • Bacteria such as tuberculosis and strep throat
  • Bacteria can live outside of the body
  • Tuberculosis is becoming increasingly common.
A

INFECTIOUS AGENTS

72
Q
  • Chemicals that affect the reproductive capabilities and cause birth defects.
    • Can have adverse effects on a pregnancy even if the exposure occurred long
    before the pregnancy occurred.
    • Teratogenisis - Cause defect to fetuses but would not be passed on generation to
    generation.
    • Mutagens - Cause Chromosome Damage
    • May not cause harm to people who received the exposure but can cause birth defects later
    which can be passed generation after generation
A

Reproductive Toxins

73
Q

• Exposures may also affect the liver, urinary system and reproductive system.
• Solvents and hepatitis viruses cause liver inflammation and loss of function
• Reproductive systems of both males and females can be affected by various solvents,
pesticides and heavy metals.
• Kidney can be affected by heavy metals, solvents, and the herbicide paraquat.

A

Nephrotoxins

74
Q

every good fire fighter owes professional rodeo cowboys money

A 
CLASS 1.   Explosion 
CLASS 2.  Gases
CLASS 3.  Flammable Liquid
CLASS 4.  Flammable Solid
CLASS 5.  Oxidizer
CLASS 6.   Poison (Toxic)
CLASS 7.   Radioactive
CLASS 8.  Corrosive
CLASS 9.  Misc

Fire Science (8 decks)

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