Test 4 Hazmat Terms Flashcards
A substance or material, including a hazardous
substance, that has been determined by the
Secretary of Transportation to be capable of
posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety,
and property when transported in commerce,
and which has been so designated.
Per U.S. Department of Transportation
DOT
Any chemical that must be reported to the
appropriate authorities, if released, above the
threshold reporting quantity.
The H.S. are listed and identified in Title III of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986 (SARA)
This agency regulates HAZMAT
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Any chemical that is a health hazard or a physical
hazard.
• Any chemical that would be a risk to employees if they
were exposed in the workplace
• Covers a broader group of chemicals other than
chemical terms
Occupational Health & Safety Administration
Temperature at which a liquid changes to
a gaseous state
BOILING POINT (BP)
Pressure explosion involving flammable liquids
and gases
BLEVE
• Similar to a BLEVE but occurs with
nonflammable products.
• Will not have the characteristic fireball.
Violent Tank Rupture
The amount of a product compared to the
amount of water present
CONCENTRATION
• Indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in materials being tested. • Unit of measurement is the pH scale. • pH scale runs 0 to 14 • 0 - 6 is an acid • 8 – 14 is a base • 7 is considered to be neutral
CORROSIVITY (PH)
• Refers to gases
converted to liquids
for storage and
transportation.
• Substances at
temperatures below
-130o F. or lower.
CRYOGENIC
Operation to keep hazardous materials in
as small an area as possible
CONFINEMENT
Operations designed to keep
product in the container itself.
CONTAINMENT
Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not consumed by the reaction.
CATALYST
minimum temperature
at and above which vapor of the substance
cannot be liquefied no matter how much
pressure is applied
Critical Temperature
the pressure that must be
applied to bring a gas to its liquid state at is
critical temperature.
Critical pressure
The amount of gas (vapor) produced by a given
volume of liquid at a given temperature.
EXPANSION RATIO
A chemical
reaction that
absorbs heat.
ENDOTHERMIC
A chemical
reaction that
evolves (releases)
heat
EXOTHERMIC
• The percentage of flammable gas vapor in air.
• Consists of a lower limit (LEL) and upper
limit (UEL).
FLAMMABLE RANGE
Materials which ignite on contact with each
other; often a fuel and an oxidizer
HYPERGOLIC MATERIALS
The tendency of a substance to
undergo chemical reaction, either by
itself or with other materials, and to
release energy, i.e. organic peroxides
REACTIVITY
Temperature at which a solid
becomes a liquid.
MELTING POINT
The percentage of a material (by weight) that
will dissolve in water at ambient temperature
SOLUBILITY
Liquids that dissolve into each other
Miscible
Liquids that do not readily dissolve into
each other
Immiscible
Agent added to a product to control a
chemical reaction or polymerization.
INHIBITOR
Capable of being
ignited upon contact
with air.
PYROPHORIC MATERIALS
Chemical process where single molecules known as monomers react with others of their kind to form long chains called polymers. • Produces high heat • Material will expand in volume
POLYMERIZATION
Is a mixture in which all ingredients are completely dissolved
SOLUTION
Is a
pourable mixture
of a solid and a
liquid.
SLURRY
Process in which a substance passes
directly from a solid state to the
vapor state without becoming a
liquid.
SUBLIMATION
The name by which a substance is
known to the trade or the
commercial market, usually not a
chemical term
TRADE NAME
A measure of the thickness of a liquid;
determines how easily it will flow.
VISCOSITY
• Describes the ease with which a liquid or solid
can pass into the vapor state.
• The higher a liquid’s vapor pressure the more
_________ it is.
VOLATILITY
Any destructive device, such as any explosive,
incendiary, or poison gas bomb, grenade, rocket
having a propellant charge of more than four
ounces, missile having an explosive or
incendiary charge of more than one quarter
ounce (7 grams), mine or device similar to the
above.
WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION
A metal disc which is part of a safety device,
and which is intended to burst and allow
the gas to escape within predetermined
pressure limits to prevent the rupture of
the container.
FRANGIBLE DISC
A safety device which has a channel, filled with a suitable low melting alloy and is intended to yield at a predetermined temperature
FUSIBLE PLUG
A safety relief device containing an
operating part that is held normally in
position, closing a relief channel by spring
force and is intended to open and close at
predetermined pressure.
SAFETY RELIEF VALVE
corrosive
acids
caustic
bases
who governs hazardous materials?
OSHA, EPA, DOT, FDA, TRRC, TCEQ
Enacted by congress, signed by president
LAWS
Written by government agencies
regulations
chemical exposures routes of entry
inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, injection
appears in the first 30 days, lasts no longer than 4 weeks
acute stress disorder
lasts 30 days to 2 years after incident
PTSD
Developed by non-regulatory consensus
committees (NFPA, ANSI); do NOT have
weight of law but can be applied by
regulating agency in court
Standard
Established to address abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA)
of 1986
Also known as SARA, Title III Purpose encourage and support emergency planning efforts at the state and local levels to provide the public and local governments with information concerning potential chemical hazards present in their communities
Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know
Act of 1986
Write emergency plans to protect the public from
chemical accidents
Establish procedures to warn and, if necessary,
evacuate the public in case of an emergency
Provide citizens and local governments with
information about hazardous chemicals and
accidental releases of chemicals in their
communities
Assist in the preparation of public reports on annual
release of toxic chemicals into the air, water, and
soil
State and Local Emergency
Planning Committees
Must include (at a minimum): Elected state and local officials Police, fire, civil defense, and public health professionals Environment, transportation, and hospital officials Facility representatives Representatives from community groups and the media
Local Emergency
Planning Committee
One storing 10,000 lbs. of a reportable chemical One storing any EPA-listed Extremely Hazardous Substance
reporting facility
29 CFR 1910.120 Covers emergency response operations for releases of, or substantial threats of releases of, hazardous substances regardless of the location of the hazard (one of five groups) Haz-Mat Teams
HAZWOPER
(Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency
Response Standard)
Establishes levels of training for emergency responders Awareness Operations Technician On-Scene Incident Commander Specialist Establishes regulations for medical monitoring of employees
HAZWOPER
Standard for Competence of Responders to
Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass
Destruction Incidents, 2018 ed.
NFPA 472 or 1072
Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel
Responding to Hazardous Materials/Weapons
of Mass Destruction Incidents, 2018 ed.
NFPA 473 or 1073
• 29 CFR 1910.1200 • Now aligned with UN's Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals • Requires employers to provide SDS for all chemicals located at facility • SDS must be provided to emergency responders upon arrival at an incident
Hazard Communication Act
HazCom
1st law to set groundwork for regulating fire service
Established prohibitions and requirements
concerning closed and abandoned hazardous
waste sites
Provided for liability of persons responsible for
releases of hazardous waste at these sites
Established a trust fund to provide for cleanup when
no responsible party could be identified
Also known as Superfund Act
Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA)
max level to which a worker can be exposed to for 30 minutes and escape without suffering irreversible effects
IDLH
exposure to living micro-organisms, that cause or may cause human
disease.
- Bloodborne pathogens and biological materials.
- Viruses
- Bacteria
Etiological
Particles that lose energy very rapidly,
does not penetrate very far. Blocked by clothing
and skin, no harm outside the body.
Alpha Radiation
Larger particles; cause harm to skin,
blocked by layers of clothing or thin layer of
aluminum. Minor damage outside the body.
Beta Radiation
High energy which passes through
the body easily damaging all organs of the body.
Several feet of concrete or several inches of
lead needed for protection. Bunker gear offers
no protection
Gamma
Greater the distance from the source the less radiation exposure
received. As radius doubles, exposure decreases by a factor of 4.
Distance
Body exposed to large dose over a short time period.
• Last from seconds to 72 hours.
Acute
A continual or repeated exposure to a hazardous material.
• Exposure over many weeks to many years.
Chronic
• this cause irreversible tissue damage. • this can also damage the lungs when inhaled, or the mouth and gastrointestinal tract if swallowed. • Most are acids or bases • Turnout gear cannot protect you from effects of this • The effects of this depend on: • Concentration • Strength
CORROSIVES
A chemical that is not corrosive but that causes a reversible inflammatory
effect on living tissue by chemical action at site of contact.
IRRITANTS
• _________ are chemicals that cause allergic reactions after repeated
exposures.
• Reactions vary depending on the individual and route of exposure
• Inhalation may result in an asthma-like reaction in the short term.
• Repeated exposure may result in permanent lung disease
• Skin exposure may result in irritation, sometimes several hours after
exposure.
SENSITIZERS
• Agents that cause or suspected to cause cancer.
• Little is known about the effect of exposure to multiple carcinogens as might occur
during a fire.
• Examples: benzene, asbestos, vinyl chloride
CARCINOGENS
- Primary toxic effect to the nervous system
- May cause either temporary or permanent damage.
- May effect one or both of the following:
- Central nervous system - brain and the spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system - nerves controlling the extremities.
- Transportation incidents involves solvents such as fuel.
- Solvent exposure can cause central nervous system effects that can be short-termed or permanent.
- Effects include:
- Dizziness
- Impaired judgment and reflex time
NEUROTOXINS
- This may include:
- Viruses:
- HIV, Hepatitis A, B, or C.
- Avoid exposure to blood and other body fluids
- Vaccinations for hepatitis B is available.
- Bacteria such as tuberculosis and strep throat
- Bacteria can live outside of the body
- Tuberculosis is becoming increasingly common.
INFECTIOUS AGENTS
- Chemicals that affect the reproductive capabilities and cause birth defects.
• Can have adverse effects on a pregnancy even if the exposure occurred long
before the pregnancy occurred.
• Teratogenisis - Cause defect to fetuses but would not be passed on generation to
generation.
• Mutagens - Cause Chromosome Damage
• May not cause harm to people who received the exposure but can cause birth defects later
which can be passed generation after generation
Reproductive Toxins
• Exposures may also affect the liver, urinary system and reproductive system.
• Solvents and hepatitis viruses cause liver inflammation and loss of function
• Reproductive systems of both males and females can be affected by various solvents,
pesticides and heavy metals.
• Kidney can be affected by heavy metals, solvents, and the herbicide paraquat.
Nephrotoxins
every good fire fighter owes professional rodeo cowboys money
CLASS 1. Explosion CLASS 2. Gases CLASS 3. Flammable Liquid CLASS 4. Flammable Solid CLASS 5. Oxidizer CLASS 6. Poison (Toxic) CLASS 7. Radioactive CLASS 8. Corrosive CLASS 9. Misc
