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Acute Care 3 > Test 4 Eye > Flashcards

Test 4 Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What structures do vision consists of?

A
  • cornea
  • pupil
  • iris
  • lens
  • ciliary muscles
  • chambers
  • retina
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2
Q

vision

A

Sight is achieved when light is reflected into the cornea

light then passes through the pupil.

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3
Q

what does the pupil control?

A

The amount of light that enters the eye
dilating to enhance light entry
constricting to decrease

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4
Q

what happens to the eye when light enters?

A

The eye contracts the lens which is responsible for fine tuning and focus

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5
Q

Vision gives what?

A

The ability of the lens to changes its shape or accommodate, allows clear vision at a variety of distances

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6
Q

What are the chambers/compartments of the eye?

A

Anterior chamber

Posterior Chamber

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7
Q

what is the anterior chamber

A

Behind the cornea to the lens and iris

Contains a fluid called AQUEOUS HUMOR that nourishes the lens and cornea

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8
Q

what is the posterior chamber

A

Behind the iris

Contains a gelatinous fluid called VITREOUS HUMOR

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9
Q

The light that passes through the lens and vitreous humor is what?

A

Refracted, onto the retina

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10
Q

what does the retina contain?

A

Photoreceptors called rods and cones

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11
Q

Rods produce what?

A

photopigment (rhodopsin) allowing vision in dim light (night vision)

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12
Q

Cons provide what?

A

The ability to see bright light and color

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13
Q

what are the three types retinal cones?

A
  1. Erythrolabe- red cone
  2. Chlorolabe- green cone
  3. Cyanolabe- blue cone
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14
Q

Color vision is determined by what?

A

The combination of cones stimulated by light from a particular image

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15
Q

The absence of a single group of color receptive cones results in what?

A

The ability to distinguish colors (color-blindness)
sex linked recessive genetic trait
predominantly affects male

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16
Q

what is at the center of the retina?

A

The macula which is responsible for central vision, color vision and fine detail

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17
Q

Rods and cones convert light into what?

A

electrical impulses

which is transmitted to the bipolar neurons then the ganglion neurons

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18
Q

The axons of ganglion neurons meet where?

A

The optic disk and exit the eye as the optic nerve

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19
Q

The impulse travels to the optic tract…?

A

The thalamus, and the occipital lobe for processing

20
Q

Extraocular muscles are responsible for what?

A

Rotation, horizontal, and vertical movement of the eyes

21
Q

The six muscles that control eye movement are innervated by what?

A

oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI)

22
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

The ciliary processes secrete aqueous humor that helps maintain the shape of the anterior chamber
also nourishes the the structures in this part of the eye

23
Q

Visual Acuity

A

to determine the status of vision
snellen eye chart is used
placed 20 feet from patient

24
Q

what do you use to measure the pressure in the eye?

A

Tono-Pen- Handheld electronic device that contacts the cornea with latex tip plunger

25
Q

Slit Lamp Biomicroscopic examination

A

To examine the surface of the eye

detect “floater” in the vitreous humor and abnormalities

26
Q

Retinoscopy

A

To inspect the fundus (back portion) of the eyeball

27
Q

Arcus Senilis (age related)

A

an opaque RING outlining the cornea, sometimes resulting in fatty globules

28
Q

Xanthelasma

A

soft, raised, yellow areas, sometimes appears in eye;id after age 50 made up of cholesterol deposits that accumulate underneath the skin.

29
Q

Different conjunctivitis?

A

Viral- usually affects one eye, watery discharge
Bacterial- usually affects both eyes, heavy discharge
Allergic- usually affects both eyes, itching, redness, tearing (allergies)

30
Q

Hordeolum

A

External stye; infected swelling near the lid margin on inside

31
Q

Hordeolum s/s

A

Sharp pain that becomes dull and throbbing
rupture and drainage of pus bring relief
redness and swelling

32
Q

Chalazion

A

internal stye; infection of meibomian gland

distorted vision. may require surgery

33
Q

Chalazion s/s

A

small, hard tumor on eyelid

really angry

34
Q

what contributes to vision loss?

A

Diabetes and hypertension

35
Q

Macular degeneration

A

another cause of impaired vision

36
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsighted

The eye focuses a image in front of the retina due to lens thickness

37
Q

Hyperopia

A

farsighted

caused my focusing on an image behind the retina, which alters transmission of light

38
Q

Astigmatism

A

irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

prevents the focusing of images, blurring vision

39
Q

Presbyopia

A

condition of farsightedness associated with aging

40
Q

correcting errors of refraction

A

prescription of eyeglasses or contact lens
photorefractive keratecomy (PRK) laser used to remove a thin layer of tissues from cornea
LASIK (laser) procedure for nearsightedness

41
Q

Uvetits

A

inflammation of the uveal tract

42
Q

corneal transplantation (keratoplasty)

A

replaces corneas that have been damaged by genetic disorders, trauma, ulcers, or disease such as keratitis

43
Q

Cataract

A

causes blurred vision, becomes cloudy

44
Q

Cataracts signs and symptoms

A

hazy, blurred, double vision

45
Q

Glaucoma

A

comes on slowly and cause irreversible vision loss without presenting any other noticeable symptoms

46
Q

Glaucoma patho

A

The IOP is determined by the rate of aqueous humor

47
Q

Narrow angle angle (angle closure)

A

blocked drainage from getting out

medical emergency

Acute Care 3 (4 decks)

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