Test 4 Eye

Question 1

What structures do vision consists of?

Answer 1

• cornea
• pupil
• iris
• lens
• ciliary muscles
• chambers
• retina

Question 2

vision

Answer 2

Sight is achieved when light is reflected into the cornea

light then passes through the pupil.

Question 3

what does the pupil control?

Answer 3

The amount of light that enters the eye
dilating to enhance light entry
constricting to decrease

Question 4

what happens to the eye when light enters?

Answer 4

The eye contracts the lens which is responsible for fine tuning and focus

Question 5

Vision gives what?

Answer 5

The ability of the lens to changes its shape or accommodate, allows clear vision at a variety of distances

Question 6

What are the chambers/compartments of the eye?

Answer 6

Anterior chamber

Posterior Chamber

Question 7

what is the anterior chamber

Answer 7

Behind the cornea to the lens and iris

Contains a fluid called AQUEOUS HUMOR that nourishes the lens and cornea

Question 8

what is the posterior chamber

Answer 8

Behind the iris

Contains a gelatinous fluid called VITREOUS HUMOR

Question 9

The light that passes through the lens and vitreous humor is what?

Answer 9

Refracted, onto the retina

Question 10

what does the retina contain?

Answer 10

Photoreceptors called rods and cones

Question 11

Rods produce what?

Answer 11

photopigment (rhodopsin) allowing vision in dim light (night vision)

Question 12

Cons provide what?

Answer 12

The ability to see bright light and color

Question 13

what are the three types retinal cones?

Answer 13

1. Erythrolabe- red cone
2. Chlorolabe- green cone
3. Cyanolabe- blue cone

Question 14

Color vision is determined by what?

Answer 14

The combination of cones stimulated by light from a particular image

Question 15

The absence of a single group of color receptive cones results in what?

Answer 15

The ability to distinguish colors (color-blindness)
sex linked recessive genetic trait
predominantly affects male

Question 16

what is at the center of the retina?

Answer 16

The macula which is responsible for central vision, color vision and fine detail

Question 17

Rods and cones convert light into what?

Answer 17

electrical impulses

which is transmitted to the bipolar neurons then the ganglion neurons

Question 18

The axons of ganglion neurons meet where?

Answer 18

The optic disk and exit the eye as the optic nerve

Question 19

The impulse travels to the optic tract…?

Answer 19

The thalamus, and the occipital lobe for processing

Question 20

Extraocular muscles are responsible for what?

Answer 20

Rotation, horizontal, and vertical movement of the eyes

Question 21

The six muscles that control eye movement are innervated by what?

Answer 21

oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI)

Question 22

Aqueous Humor

Answer 22

The ciliary processes secrete aqueous humor that helps maintain the shape of the anterior chamber
also nourishes the the structures in this part of the eye

Question 23

Visual Acuity

Answer 23

to determine the status of vision
snellen eye chart is used
placed 20 feet from patient

Question 24

what do you use to measure the pressure in the eye?

Answer 24

Tono-Pen- Handheld electronic device that contacts the cornea with latex tip plunger

Question 25

Slit Lamp Biomicroscopic examination

Answer 25

To examine the surface of the eye | detect "floater" in the vitreous humor and abnormalities

Question 26

Retinoscopy

Answer 26

To inspect the fundus (back portion) of the eyeball

Question 27

Arcus Senilis (age related)

Answer 27

an opaque RING outlining the cornea, sometimes resulting in fatty globules

Question 28

Xanthelasma

Answer 28

soft, raised, yellow areas, sometimes appears in eye;id after age 50 made up of cholesterol deposits that accumulate underneath the skin.

Question 29

Different conjunctivitis?

Answer 29

Viral- usually affects one eye, watery discharge Bacterial- usually affects both eyes, heavy discharge Allergic- usually affects both eyes, itching, redness, tearing (allergies)

Question 30

Hordeolum

Answer 30

External stye; infected swelling near the lid margin on inside

Question 31

Hordeolum s/s

Answer 31

Sharp pain that becomes dull and throbbing rupture and drainage of pus bring relief redness and swelling

Question 32

Chalazion

Answer 32

internal stye; infection of meibomian gland | distorted vision. may require surgery

Question 33

Chalazion s/s

Answer 33

small, hard tumor on eyelid | really angry

Question 34

what contributes to vision loss?

Answer 34

Diabetes and hypertension

Question 35

Macular degeneration

Answer 35

another cause of impaired vision

Question 36

Myopia

Answer 36

Nearsighted | The eye focuses a image in front of the retina due to lens thickness

Question 37

Hyperopia

Answer 37

farsighted | caused my focusing on an image behind the retina, which alters transmission of light

Question 38

Astigmatism

Answer 38

irregular curvature of the cornea or lens | prevents the focusing of images, blurring vision

Question 39

Presbyopia

Answer 39

condition of farsightedness associated with aging

Question 40

correcting errors of refraction

Answer 40

prescription of eyeglasses or contact lens photorefractive keratecomy (PRK) laser used to remove a thin layer of tissues from cornea LASIK (laser) procedure for nearsightedness

Question 41

Uvetits

Answer 41

inflammation of the uveal tract

Question 42

corneal transplantation (keratoplasty)

Answer 42

replaces corneas that have been damaged by genetic disorders, trauma, ulcers, or disease such as keratitis

Question 43

Cataract

Answer 43

causes blurred vision, becomes cloudy

Question 44

Cataracts signs and symptoms

Answer 44

hazy, blurred, double vision

Question 45

Glaucoma

Answer 45

comes on slowly and cause irreversible vision loss without presenting any other noticeable symptoms

Question 46

Glaucoma patho

Answer 46

The IOP is determined by the rate of aqueous humor

Question 47

Narrow angle angle (angle closure)

Answer 47

blocked drainage from getting out | *medical emergency*