Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Acute Care 3 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

upper respiratory system

A

warms, filters, humidifies inspired air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Upper respiratory system components

A

nose, pharynx, larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nose

A

lined with mucous membrane that warms and moistens the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pharynx

A

passageways for moving air to the lungs and food to the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Larynx

A

The glottis is the space between the folds of the vocal cords, attached to the front and back of the larynx.
Movements of the the mouth, lips, jaws, and tongue convert the sounds made by the rush of air through the glottis into speech sounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tonsils and adenoids

A

part of the lymphatic system

if they become inflamed and enlarged, they may interfere with breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epiglottis

A

when swallowing begins, the epiglottis closes over the larynx, preventing aspiration of food and secretions into the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

the paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal sphenoid and ethmoid) are air filled cavities lined the mucous membrane and situated among the facial bones around the nasal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lower respiratory system functions

A

conduction of air, micro-ciliary clearance, production of pulmonary surfactant (lowers surface tension, keeping alveoli from collapsing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lower respiratory system components

A

Trachea
right and left mainstem bronchi
segmental bronchi
terminal brochioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ventilation

A

the process of ventilation involves both acquiring oxygen (inspiration) and removing carbon dioxide (expiration) from the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ventilation

A

the transport of oxygen through the lungs is the ONLY mechanism for acquiring oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ventilation cont…

A

oxygen is required for cellular metabolism, which means that for a cell to expand energy efficiently and perform its designated function, oxygen MUST be present. The release of carbon dioxide is equally as important because optimal cell functioning occurs within a narrow pH range.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

oxygen delivers to what?

A

the alveolar membrane for diffusion into the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does that diaphragm do during inhalation?

A

moves down and intercostal muscles expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pleura consists of what?

A

two layers: visceral pleura (covers each lung) and parietal pleura (lines inner wall of chest cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mucous membrane contains what?

A

cilia that traps and propels small inhaled foreign particles toward the entrance of the respiratory tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vesicular breath sounds

A

low to medium pitch with a soft whooshing quality; inspiration is two to three times the length of expiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bronchovesicular breath sounds

A

moderate to high pitch with a hollow, muffled quality; equal time of inspiration and expiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bronchovesicular breath sounds

A

moderate to high pitch with a hollow, muffled quality; equal time of inspiration and expiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

high pitch with a loud, harsh, tubular quality; inspiration half as long as expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

crackles

A

sounds when air moves through airway contains fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

wheezes

A

high pitch musical sound heard on expiration and sometimes on inspiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

rhonchi

A

low pitch sound that can be heard on inspiration or expiration caused by blockages the main airways by mucous or lesions etc, often compared to snoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

pleural friction rub

A

caused by movement of inflamed pleural surfaces against each other (pneumonia, PE, etc) grating sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

stridor

A

death! high pitched caused by narrowed airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

PFT’s (pulmonary function test)

A

to determine integrity of mechanical function and gas exchange function of the lungs.
nursing implication: done within 1-2 hr eating
no smoking
stop taking bronchodilator and corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

bronchoscopy

A

inspect bronchi, to remove foreign objects or mucous plugs, to biopsy lesions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

control of respiration

A

Respiratory center (pons and medulla, located in the brainstem

30
Q

what controls both involuntary and voluntary respiration?

A

central nervous system

31
Q

What factors affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A 
change in surface area available 
thickening of alveolar capillary membrane: edema, fluid
partial pressure
solubility 
chronic lung disease
32
Q

what are some normal lung sounds?

A

vesicular breath sounds
bronchovesicular breath sounds
bronchial breath sounds

33
Q

abnormal (adventitious) lung sounds

A 
crackles
wheezing
rhonchi
pleural friction rub
stridor
34
Q

what causes a respiratory disorder?

A 
trauma or disease:
perfusion 
cardiac disease 
emboli
bacteria
fungi
other disorders of the heart and pulmonary blood vessels
35
Q

what are the two major types of ventilatory disease?

A

restrictive (decreased lung volume)

obstructive (narrowed air passages)

36
Q

restrictive conditions

A

(scoliosis and kyphosis)

decrease lung capacity

37
Q

obstructive disorders

A

problems moving air in and out the lungs

asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis and obstructive disorder

38
Q

causes of respiratory issures?

A

muscles of diaphragm and chest are paralyzed, apnea occurs

fractured ribs or injured

39
Q

factors that increase risk for respiratory infection

A 
age older than 65
smoking 
chronic respiratory disorders
residing in an extending care facility 
congenital or chronic cardiovascular disorder
40
Q

what are the guidelines for PPDS?

A

must be checked after 48-72 hours
15mm-general public without known factors
10mm-residents and employees of long term care facilities, IV drug abusers and recent immigrants (<5 years )

41
Q

D-dimer measures what?

A

to assess thrombin and plasmin activity as test provides assay of fibrin degradation
diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and DIC
light blue top

42
Q

CBC measures what?

A

adequacy of hemoglobin to carry oxygen and to determine if infection is present
lavender top

43
Q

Thoracentesis

A

removes pleural fluid, instill medication or obtain fluid for diagnostic studies

44
Q

Thick, tenacious and “ropey”; difficult to cough up

A

chronic bronchitis. emphysema

45
Q

Scant, sticky, rusty colored

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

46
Q

Frothy, pinkish or blood-tinged

A

Pulmonary edema

47
Q

Yellow, yellow-green or grayish yellow, with foul odor or taste

A

Pulmonary infection

48
Q

Respiratory Acidosis (throw acid on them…)

A 
Hypoventilation-Hypoxia 
Cant breath 
low BP
headache 
muscle weakness, hyperreflexia 
drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
49
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis (doing the most)

A 
Hyperventilation 
tachycardia 
low or normal bp 
hypokalemia 
numbness and tingling extremities 
seizures
increased anxiety 
increased irritability 
muscle cramping
50
Q

what position should put your patient to promote proper breathing?

A

high folwer’s

51
Q

Orthopnea means what?

A

when patient is having trouble breathing when supine

52
Q

orthopenic position?

A

sit upright, lean over the overbed table (which is padded with pillows) and elevate and round the shoulders to allow maximum expansion of the lungs

53
Q

what allergy prevents someone from getting the influenza vaccine?

A

eggs

54
Q

how long is an upper respiratory infection normally?

A

7 to 11 days but may take 14 days before all symptoms are gone

55
Q

upper respiratory infection and rhinitis treatment

A 
antihistamines 
steroids 
mast cell stabilizers 
decongestants 
complementary and alternative therapies- echinacea; goldenseal; or combination of herbs, minerals, vitamins and amino acids
56
Q

Antihistamines-1st Generation

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Relives sneezing, excessive secretions, itching, and nasal congestion

57
Q

Antihistamines- 2nd Generation

A

Loratadine (Claritin), Fexofenadine (Allegra), Cetirzine (Zyrtec), Desloratadine (Clarine), Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
Relives sneezing, excessive secretions
less likely to cross the blood brain, producing less drowsiness than 1st generation

58
Q

Intranasal Antihistamines

A

Azelastine (Astelin), Olopatadine intranasal (Patanase)
Topical H1 receptor antagonists
may release nasal congestion
inhibits the release of histamine
instruct not to use if patient has glaucoma or prostatic hypertrophy

59
Q

Corticosteroid Spray

A

Budesonide (rhinocort), fluticasone (flonase), Triamcinolone (nasacort), monetaone (nasonex)
Inhibits inflammatory response
Have low systemic absorption with normal doses
*can result in nosebleed
use daily

60
Q

Mast cell stabilzer

A

Cromolyn sodium spray (Nasalcrom)

stabilizers mast cells, preventing inflammatory reaction

61
Q

Decongestants

A

Oral: pseudoephedrine (sudafed)
spray: phenylephrine (neo-synephrine), saline nasal spray or rinse
promotes vasoconstriction by stimulating adrengic receptors on blood vessels

62
Q

Aspirin

A

should not be given to children younger than 18 years of age, association with reye’s syndrome

63
Q

Sinusitis

A

inflammation of the mucosal lining of the sinuses

64
Q

`Acute sinusitis diagnostic criteria

A

physical examination
ESR
CRP
WBC

65
Q

Sinusitis treatment

A

pain control
promote sinus drainage
control infection

66
Q

what are epistaxis?

A

Nosebleed

67
Q

Epistaxis treatment

A

sit forward and apply direct pressure by pinching the nose for 10-15 minutes
cold compress
may require cauterization, packing or small balloon to stop bleeding
*avoid bending over and not blowing nose

68
Q

Endotracheal incubation

A

tube inserted into the trachea via the nose or mouth with the use of a laryngoscope

69
Q

Tracheostomy

A

surgical incision into the trachea for the propose of inserting a tube through which the patient can breathe.

70
Q

influenza

A

acute, highly infectious disease of the upper and lower respiratory tract.
three types A,B,-seasonal each year. C- mild respiratory illness

Acute Care 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions