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Acute Care 3 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron (nerve cell)

A

fundamental functional unit of the nervous system

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

multiple branched extensions of the cell body that transmit impulses to the cell body.

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3
Q

Cell body (soma)

A

controls processes, including the nucleus, that support metabolic demands of the cell.

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4
Q

Axon

A

carries impulses AWAY from the cell body

transmission speed is enhanced by myelin sheath which is interrupted by the nodes of ranvier

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5
Q

Myelin (protein high in lipid content)

A

important to neuronal cell functioning

insulating properties increase speed of nerve impulse by containing the current in a small space.

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6
Q

Myelinated axons (myelin sheath is interrupted at intervals by the nodes of ranvier)

A

nodes are necessary to promote movement of the nerve impulse over long distances
impulses traveling down the axon jump from node to node in a stepwise fashion

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7
Q

PNS, the schwann cells can regenerate

A

produce myelin in the PNS

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8
Q

Neuronal Transmission

A

neurons communicate through generation of electrical signals (impulses) called action potentials
a stimulus is a physical, chemical, or electrical event that changes the cell membrane and initiates conduction of the stimulus as an electrical impulse along the nerve pathway.

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9
Q

what are the neurotransmitters that affect transmission of nerve impulses?

A 
Acetylcholine 
Norepinephrine 
Epinephrine 
Dopamine 
Serotonin 
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Endorphins and enkephalins
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10
Q

CNS organization

A

composed of brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

what does the brain receive and process?

A

sensory information, initating and coordinating motor responses

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12
Q

what does the brain receive and process?

A

sensory information, initiating and coordinating motor responses

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13
Q

what does the spinal cord conduct?

A

sensory information from the PNS and motor information from muscles to the brain for processing

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14
Q

Neurons

A

categorized based on their specialized function:
-Sensory neurons (affect)
carry impulses from receptors in periphery to the brain and spinal cord in the CNS
-Motor neurons (efferent)
carry signals away from the brain and spinal cord to targets in the body that regulate activity
-Interneurons
provide connections b/w neurons, transmitting signals between afferent and efferent neuorns
most abundant type

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15
Q

what are 4 lobes in the brain?

A

Frontal,
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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16
Q

what does the frontal lobe do?

A

Reasoning, planning, speech, and movement

17
Q

Parietal lobe?

A

Perception of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

18
Q

Temporal lobe?

A

Perception, memory, and recognition of auditory stimuli

19
Q

Occipital lobe?

A

Vision

20
Q

Sensory Neurons (Afferent)

A

carry impulses FROM receptors in periphery TO THE brain and spinal cord in the CNS

21
Q

Motor Neurons (Efferent)

A

carry signals AWAY from the brain and spinal cord TO target in the body that regulate activity

22
Q

Interneurons

A

Provide connections between neuron, transmitting signals between afferent and efferent neurons
most abundant type

23
Q

How many halves does that brain have?

A

2 halves or hemispheres. each containing four lobes of the brain

24
Q

Right and left hemispheres communicate through what?

A

bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum

25
Q

what does the left hemisphere control?

A

speech and language
calculations
math
logical abilities

26
Q

what does the right hemisphere control?

A

visual imagery
face recognition
music
spatial abilities

27
Q

cerebrum control what?

A 
responsible for....
thinking
learning
language capability 
judgement 
personality 
stories memories
28
Q

hypothalamus controls what?

A

body temp
appetite
water balance

29
Q

cerebellum control what?

A

maintain muscle tone
posture
coordinates muscle movement and balance

30
Q

Pons control what?

A

assists in controlling autonomic functions like arousal and sleep
helps regulate respiration

31
Q

Medulla Oblongata controls what?

A

Regulates heartbeat, respiration and blood pressure. controls center for swallowing, coughing, sneezing and vomiting. relays messages to other parts of the brain

32
Q

what does the spinal cord serve as?

A

primary pathway for communication for messages or impulses from the periphery to the brain
control of reflex responses

Acute Care 3 (4 decks)

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