Test 2

Question 1

Neuron (nerve cell)

Answer 1

fundamental functional unit of the nervous system

Question 2

Dendrites

Answer 2

multiple branched extensions of the cell body that transmit impulses to the cell body.

Question 3

Cell body (soma)

Answer 3

controls processes, including the nucleus, that support metabolic demands of the cell.

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

carries impulses AWAY from the cell body

transmission speed is enhanced by myelin sheath which is interrupted by the nodes of ranvier

Question 5

Myelin (protein high in lipid content)

Answer 5

important to neuronal cell functioning

insulating properties increase speed of nerve impulse by containing the current in a small space.

Question 6

Myelinated axons (myelin sheath is interrupted at intervals by the nodes of ranvier)

Answer 6

nodes are necessary to promote movement of the nerve impulse over long distances
impulses traveling down the axon jump from node to node in a stepwise fashion

Question 7

PNS, the schwann cells can regenerate

Answer 7

produce myelin in the PNS

Question 8

Neuronal Transmission

Answer 8

neurons communicate through generation of electrical signals (impulses) called action potentials
a stimulus is a physical, chemical, or electrical event that changes the cell membrane and initiates conduction of the stimulus as an electrical impulse along the nerve pathway.

Question 9

what are the neurotransmitters that affect transmission of nerve impulses?

Answer 9

Acetylcholine 
Norepinephrine 
Epinephrine 
Dopamine 
Serotonin 
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Endorphins and enkephalins

Question 10

CNS organization

Answer 10

composed of brain and spinal cord

Question 11

what does the brain receive and process?

Answer 11

sensory information, initating and coordinating motor responses

Question 12

what does the brain receive and process?

Answer 12

sensory information, initiating and coordinating motor responses

Question 13

what does the spinal cord conduct?

Answer 13

sensory information from the PNS and motor information from muscles to the brain for processing

Question 14

Neurons

Answer 14

categorized based on their specialized function:
-Sensory neurons (affect)
carry impulses from receptors in periphery to the brain and spinal cord in the CNS
-Motor neurons (efferent)
carry signals away from the brain and spinal cord to targets in the body that regulate activity
-Interneurons
provide connections b/w neurons, transmitting signals between afferent and efferent neuorns
most abundant type

Question 15

what are 4 lobes in the brain?

Answer 15

Frontal,
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Question 16

what does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 16

Reasoning, planning, speech, and movement

Question 17

Parietal lobe?

Answer 17

Perception of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

Question 18

Temporal lobe?

Answer 18

Perception, memory, and recognition of auditory stimuli

Question 19

Occipital lobe?

Answer 19

Vision

Question 20

Sensory Neurons (Afferent)

Answer 20

carry impulses FROM receptors in periphery TO THE brain and spinal cord in the CNS

Question 21

Motor Neurons (Efferent)

Answer 21

carry signals AWAY from the brain and spinal cord TO target in the body that regulate activity

Question 22

Interneurons

Answer 22

Provide connections between neuron, transmitting signals between afferent and efferent neurons
most abundant type

Question 23

How many halves does that brain have?

Answer 23

2 halves or hemispheres. each containing four lobes of the brain

Question 24

Right and left hemispheres communicate through what?

Answer 24

bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum

Question 25

what does the left hemisphere control?

Answer 25

speech and language calculations math logical abilities

Question 26

what does the right hemisphere control?

Answer 26

visual imagery face recognition music spatial abilities

Question 27

cerebrum control what?

Answer 27

``` responsible for.... thinking learning language capability judgement personality stories memories ```

Question 28

hypothalamus controls what?

Answer 28

body temp appetite water balance

Question 29

cerebellum control what?

Answer 29

maintain muscle tone posture coordinates muscle movement and balance

Question 30

Pons control what?

Answer 30

assists in controlling autonomic functions like arousal and sleep helps regulate respiration

Question 31

Medulla Oblongata controls what?

Answer 31

Regulates heartbeat, respiration and blood pressure. controls center for swallowing, coughing, sneezing and vomiting. relays messages to other parts of the brain

Question 32

what does the spinal cord serve as?

Answer 32

primary pathway for communication for messages or impulses from the periphery to the brain control of reflex responses