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RAD 121 > Test 4 Contrast > Flashcards

Test 4 Contrast Flashcards

1
Q

Few shades of grey

A

High contrast

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2
Q

The principal controlling factor of contrast is

A

Kvp

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3
Q

A radiograph that demonstrates considerable differences between densities is called

A

Short scale
High contrast
Increased contrast

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4
Q

Minimal differences between densities

A

Long scale
Low contrast
Decreased contrast

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5
Q

Contrast decreases with

A 
Excessive density (all black)
Inadequate density (all white)
A wider range of densities
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6
Q

Contrast increases with

A

Decreased kvp
Decreased field ️size
Decreased part ️thickness

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7
Q

High contrast is directly related to

A

The number of photoelectric interactions (absorption)

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8
Q

Increased contrast

A

Black and white

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9
Q

T/f increasing the amount of irradiated tissue increases contrast

A

False

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10
Q

As KVP increases the percentage of Compton interactions ______ and contrast ______

A

⬆️⬇️

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11
Q

When the tissue structure of the ankle joint is considered, the dramatic differences between the muscles and bones of the ankle produce

A

High subject contrast

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12
Q

A fluoro examination that uses barium as a contrast material would typically produce images with

A

Short scale contrast

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13
Q

Short scale contrast

A

High contrast
Low kVp
Black and white

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14
Q

Long scale contrast

A

Low contrast
High kvp
Many shades of grey

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15
Q

The total amount of irradiated material is a function of

A

Body part ️thickness and body position

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16
Q

Depending upon the kvp range a visible change in contrast will not be seen unless kvp is minimally changed

A

4-12%

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17
Q

In order to reduce or entrance skin exposure (ESE) higher kvp exposures are a consideration. It is important to remember that

A

Kvp values that are too high produce more scatter and reduce contrast

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18
Q

Kvp controls the proportional relation between

A

Compton (scatter) and photoelectric interactions (absorption)

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19
Q

What should you expect to occur with a decrease in kvp

A

More photoelectric interactions

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20
Q

An increase in xray beam filtration

A

Increases scatter
Reduces contrast
Increases the average photon energy

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21
Q

Contrast is directly influenced by the xray

A

Photon wavelength used

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22
Q

An image with a long range of slightly different translucent densities possesses

A

Low contrast

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23
Q

Low kvp

A

High contrast

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24
Q

A radio lucena anatomical structure is one that

A

Easily transmits X-rays to the image receptor

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25
Q

Scatter radiation will affect radiographic density and contrast in what matter

A

Density will increase and contrast will decrease

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26
Q

Radiographic contrast

A

Produces sharper structural lines in the image

Allows visibility of anatomical structures

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27
Q

When different tissues in the area being images have different absorption characteristics

A

There will be radiographic contrast

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28
Q

The range of densities visible defines

A

Scale of contrast

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29
Q

A radiograph that has densities that are very different from each other

A

Has high contrast

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30
Q

A radiograph that has densities that are very similar to each other

A

Has low contrast

Has long scale contrast

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31
Q

Subject contrast includes the

A

Quality of the xray beam

Absorption characteristics of the anatomy being imaged

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32
Q

An area that has low subject contrast

A

Lowest breast

Next lowest chest

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33
Q

An area of anatomy that has high subject contrast is the

A

Femur

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34
Q

Using a kvp xray beam results in

A

Increased transmission (penetration)
Higher energy x Ray photons
A film image with low contrast

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35
Q

A low kvp xray image of the chest results in a film image with

A

Short scale contrast

Few but very different densities

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36
Q

Te difference between two adjacent densities is

A

Radiographic contrast

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37
Q

______ kvp results in the intensities of radiation exiting the pt being very ______

A

Low

Different

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38
Q

Low kvp produces ______ radiograic contrast and high kvp produces ______

A

Higher

Lower

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39
Q

Low kvp produces _______ radiographic contrast and high kvp produces ______

A

Long scale

Short scale

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40
Q

Reducing the amount of scatter radiation reaching the IR results in

A

Higher radiographic contrast

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41
Q

When introducing a grid and increasing mAs

A

You get a cleaner image with more detail

Increased contrast

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42
Q

Opening collimation has what effect on contrast

A

Increases scatter and decreases contrast

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43
Q

⬆️OID and ⬇️ SID has what effect on magnification

A

⬆️magnification

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44
Q

For every inch of OID the SID needs to increase by how much

A

7 inches to decrease ️magnification

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45
Q

When the tube or IR is angled what happens to the appearance of the body part

A

Elongation

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46
Q

When the body part is angled what happens to the appearance of the body part

A

Foreshortening

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47
Q

What two factors have no effect on density

A

Focal spot and anode hill effect

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48
Q

What two factors have a direct relationship with density

A

MAs and kvp

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49
Q

Filtration has what kind of relationship with density? Contrast?

A

Inverse

Inverse

50
Q

️thickness of body part has what kind of relationship with density? Contrast?

A

Both are inverse

51
Q

What three control factors have no effect on contrast

A

MAs
SID
Focal spot size

52
Q

What kind of relationship does grid ratio have with density? Contrast?

A

Inverse

Direct (contrast)

53
Q

What relationship does screen and contrast have

A

Direct

54
Q

What relationship does collimation (beam restriction) have with contrast

A

Direct

55
Q

When SID is divided by SOD What is the result called

A

️Magnification factor

56
Q

The property of the xray beam that impacts the unsharpness on the radiographic beam

A

Divergence

57
Q

Using a small focal spot ️size may be prohibited due to the

A

Amount of heat produced

58
Q

️magnification is affected by

A

️OID and SID

59
Q

SOD can be determined by

A

Subtracting ️OID from SID

60
Q

What effect will increasing SID have on recorded detail

A

Increased recorded detail

61
Q

What is the radiographer determining when selecting the focal spot ️size

A

Actual size of the filament used

62
Q

The visibility of recorded detail

A

Photographic properties

63
Q

The sharpness of recorded detail

A

Geometric properties

64
Q

A distance created between the object and image receptor is called

A

Air gap principal/technique

65
Q

When part ️thickness increases the amount of scatter production _______

A

Increases

66
Q

Distortion is associated with what

A

️size and shape

67
Q

T/F there is a % of ️magnification in every radiographic image

A

True

68
Q

As the percentage of ️magnification increases the level of geometric unsharpness __________

A

Increases

69
Q

Distinctness or sharpness of the structural lines that make up the recorded image is called

A

Recorded detail or ️resolution

70
Q

What tech factors affect sharpness

A

SID
️OID
SOD
Motion

71
Q

The controlling factor of sharpness

A

Focal spot ️size

72
Q

The hazy edge of the “true” image

A

Penumbra

73
Q

The “true anatomical image

A

Umbra

74
Q

In general radiography te ️size of the focal spot usually ranges from

A

.5-1.2

75
Q

As focal spot ️size increases unsharpness ______ and recorded detail _______

A

Increases

Decreased

76
Q

T/F a longer SID creates a larger penumbra

A

False

Short SID = larger penny drs

77
Q

The avg visual acuity of the human eye when inspecting a rad image at the normal viewing distance of 18” -24” is

A

5Lp/mm

78
Q

What instrument records lines pairs/mm

A

Line pair test tool

79
Q

______ kvp results in the intensities of radiation exiting the pt being very ______

A

Low

Different

80
Q

Low kvp produces ______ radiograic contrast and high kvp produces ______

A

Higher

Lower

81
Q

Low kvp produces _______ radiographic contrast and high kvp produces ______

A

Long scale

Short scale

82
Q

Reducing the amount of scatter radiation reaching the IR results in

A

Higher radiographic contrast

83
Q

When introducing a grid and increasing mAs

A

You get a cleaner image with more detail

Increased contrast

84
Q

Opening collimation has what effect on contrast

A

Increases scatter and decreases contrast

85
Q

⬆️OID and ⬇️ SID has what effect on magnification

A

⬆️magnification

86
Q

For every inch of OID the SID needs to increase by how much

A

7 inches to decrease ️magnification

87
Q

When the tube or IR is angled what happens to the appearance of the body part

A

Elongation

88
Q

When the body part is angled what happens to the appearance of the body part

A

Foreshortening

89
Q

What two factors have no effect on density

A

Focal spot and anode hill effect

90
Q

What two factors have a direct relationship with density

A

MAs and kvp

91
Q

Filtration has what kind of relationship with density? Contrast?

A

Inverse

Inverse

92
Q

️thickness of body part has what kind of relationship with density? Contrast?

A

Both are inverse

93
Q

What three control factors have no effect on contrast

A

MAs
SID
Focal spot size

94
Q

What kind of relationship does grid ratio have with density? Contrast?

A

Inverse

Direct (contrast)

95
Q

What relationship does screen and contrast have

A

Direct

96
Q

What relationship does collimation (beam restriction) have with contrast

A

Direct

97
Q

When SID is divided by SOD What is the result called

A

️Magnification factor

98
Q

The property of the xray beam that impacts the unsharpness on the radiographic beam

A

Divergence

99
Q

Using a small focal spot ️size may be prohibited due to the

A

Amount of heat produced

100
Q

️magnification is affected by

A

️OID and SID

101
Q

SOD can be determined by

A

Subtracting ️OID from SID

102
Q

What effect will increasing SID have on recorded detail

A

Increased recorded detail

103
Q

What is the radiographer determining when selecting the focal spot ️size

A

Actual size of the filament used

104
Q

The visibility of recorded detail

A

Photographic properties

105
Q

The sharpness of recorded detail

A

Geometric properties

106
Q

A distance created between the object and image receptor is called

A

Air gap principal/technique

107
Q

When part ️thickness increases the amount of scatter production _______

A

Increases

108
Q

Distortion is associated with what

A

️size and shape

109
Q

T/F there is a % of ️magnification in every radiographic image

A

True

110
Q

As the percentage of ️magnification increases the level of geometric unsharpness __________

A

Increases

111
Q

Distinctness or sharpness of the structural lines that make up the recorded image is called

A

Recorded detail or ️resolution

112
Q

What tech factors affect sharpness

A

SID
️OID
SOD
Motion

113
Q

The controlling factor of sharpness

A

Focal spot ️size

114
Q

The hazy edge of the “true” image

A

Penumbra

115
Q

The “true anatomical image

A

Umbra

116
Q

In general radiography te ️size of the focal spot usually ranges from

A

.5-1.2

117
Q

As focal spot ️size increases unsharpness ______ and recorded detail _______

A

Increases

Decreased

118
Q

T/F a longer SID creates a larger penumbra

A

False

Short SID = larger penny drs

119
Q

The avg visual acuity of the human eye when inspecting a rad image at the normal viewing distance of 18” -24” is

A

5Lp/mm

120
Q

What instrument records lines pairs/mm

A

Line pair test tool

RAD 121 (4 decks)

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