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RAD 121 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Photosensitive crystals in film are in the ________ layer

A

Emulsion

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1
Q

T/F film base is made of Dacron

A

False (polyester)

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2
Q

Dye is added to the _______ layer

A

Base

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3
Q

T/F The sensitivity speck is required for black metallic to be deposited

A

True

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4
Q

The undeveloped image is called the ________.

A

Latent image

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5
Q

Stored film is sensitive to

  1. age
  2. Light
  3. Humidity
  4. All
A
  1. All
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6
Q

Crystals are what shape

A

Flat triangular

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7
Q

T/F Panchromatic film is not sensitive to the red spectrum

A

False

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8
Q

T/F Film is most sensitive to x rays

A

False (light)

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9
Q

The active layer of screens I the ________ layer

A

Phosphor

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10
Q

T/F luminescence is caused by excitation

A

True

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11
Q

______% of latent image is formed by light from intensifying screens

A

99

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12
Q

Screen lag is caused by

  1. Fluorescence
  2. Luminescence
  3. Phosphorescence
  4. Two of the above
A
  1. Two of the above
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13
Q

T/F film screen speed is always relative

A

True

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14
Q

Film screen resolution is ultimately determined by

A

Screen phosphor size

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15
Q

T/F Quantum Mottle is caused by too few photons

A

True

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16
Q

Screen speed is controlled by

  1. Phosphor size
  2. Thickness of phosphor layer
  3. Concentration of phosphors
  4. All of the above
A
  1. All of the above
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17
Q

Image artifacts maybe caused by

  1. Dust
  2. Scratches
  3. Foreign objects in cassette
  4. All
A
  1. All
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18
Q

T/F small crystals = low resolution

A

False

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19
Q

The developer component that creates density is

A

Reducing agents

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20
Q

Developer action is controlled by

A

Time
Temp
Chemical activity

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21
Q

T/F If reducing agents work too long te entire film will be black

A

True

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22
Q

T/F developer has an alkaline PH

A

True

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23
Q

When developer gives up electron to the air it is called

A

Oxidation

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24
Q

When mixing fixer always limit it to a two week supply

A

True

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25
Q

______ is most sensitive to contamination

A

Developer

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26
Q

_______ stops the action of the film turnin to black metallic silver

A

Fixer

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27
Q

Washing and drying are important to archiving films

A

True

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28
Q

A slow transport system will result in over developed films

A

True

29
Q

________ rollers remove excess chemistry

A

Squeegee

30
Q

10% of film cost can be regained by silver recovery

A

True

31
Q

Longer processing times requires _________ temperature

A

Lower

32
Q

The protective potion of radiographic film is made of ______

A

Gelatin

33
Q

Three characteristics about the base of modern film

A

Firm
Flexible
Resistant to tears

34
Q

The adhesive layer of film bonds the _______ to the _______

A

Base

Emulsion

35
Q

History notes that the first material used to construct film base was

A

Glass

36
Q

The addition of gold-silver sulfide (as an impurity) to film during the formation or growing a silver-halides creates________

A

Sensitivity speck

37
Q

Silver halides are suspended in the _______ of the ______

A

Gelatin

Emulsion

38
Q

When at least three _______ migrate to the negatively charged trap during latent image formation, small amounts of metallic silver will form

A

Silver atoms

39
Q

Compare single and double emulsion film

A

Dbl emulsion is faster/more sensitive than single emulsion

Dbl emulsion potentially has twice the silver halide crystals

Single emulsion is used in mammography an fine detail radiography

40
Q

The primary function of screens is to convert_________ to _______

A

X Ray photons

Light

41
Q

How do screens affect pt dose

A

Decrease pt dose

42
Q

List four layers o an intensifying screen

A

Base
Reflective
Phosphors
Protective

43
Q

Screen base is usually made of

A

Polyester plastic

44
Q

The reflective layer of the screen is necessary due to the _______ nature of light emission in the phosphors

A

Isotopic

45
Q

Dye is used in the _______ layer of the screen to absorb light emitted at wide angles and thus improve image sharpness/resolution

A

Reflective

46
Q

The active layer of the screen is the ______ layer

A

Phosphor

47
Q

Scratches that remove phosphor crystals rest in (white line/black line) artifacts on the radiographic image

A

White line

48
Q

The phosphors need a (high/low) atomic number to increase the probability of xray photon interaction

A

High

49
Q

Describe excitation

A

An inner shell electron absorbs the energy of an incoming x Ray photon, jumps up almost to another energy shell and then snaps back giving off light.

50
Q

Two types of luminescence are

A

Fluorescence

Phosphorescence

51
Q

Instantaneous emission of light is

A

Fluorescence

52
Q

Delayed emission of light also know as afterglow or screen lag is

A

Phosphorescence

53
Q

Spectral emission is matching the light emitted from the _______ to the light sensitivity of the _____ to ensure maximum latent image

A

Screen

Film

54
Q

How can the tech correct for quantum Mottle

A

Increase mAs

55
Q

Intensifying screens are

A

Thin sheets or layers of fluorescent materials

56
Q

What happens to x Rays when they enter a radiographic cassette

A

Absorbed by the intensifying screen material and a portion is converted into light

57
Q

How much more radiation would be necessary for an exposure without screens

A

100 times more

58
Q

Absorption efficiency is primarily determined by

A

Screen material
Screen thickness
Photon energy spectrum

59
Q

Bc of their fluorescence intensifying screen materials are often referred to as

A

Phosphors

60
Q

What is the most significant effect of screens on image quality

A

Thickness

61
Q

What causes image blur in relation to screens

A

The thickness and light transparency of the screen

62
Q

Define crossover

A

Unabsorbed light from one side passes through the film base and exposes the emulation on the other side

63
Q

Define halation

A

Reflections at boundaries between film emulsion film base intensifying screens and cassette surfaces

64
Q

State the primary function o developer

A

To deposit enough black metallic silver at the latent image sites to permit a visible image

65
Q

6 components in deleveper

A

Reducing agents-provide electrons to reduce silver to black metallic

Activator- maintains pH 10-10.5

Restrainer - restricts reducing agent

Preservative - reduces oxidation

Hardener - controls gelatin swelling and maintains unifor thickness

Solvent- water

66
Q

List 5 components of fixer

A

Cleaning agent - bonds with unexposed silver halides and removes emulsion

Activator - maintains pH 4.0-4.5

Preservative- dissolves silver

Hardener - prevents scratches and abrasions

Solvent - water

67
Q

4 Layers of film construction

A

Base
Adhesive
Emulsion
Supercoat

68
Q

Film resolution/speed ; crystal size/ emulsion layer

A

⬆️ crystal size ⬇️ resolution ⬆️ speed

⬆️ emulsion layer ⬇️ resolution ⬆️speed

69
Q

Layers of screen construction

A

Base
Reflective layer
Phosphor layer (crystals)
Protective coat

70
Q

Resolution/speed relationship for screens

A

Inverse relationship
⬆️size ⬇️resolution ⬆️speed

⬆️thickness ⬇️resolution⬆️speed

⬆️consentration ⬆️resolution ⬆️️speed

RAD 121 (4 decks)

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