Test 4 Chapter 17 Flashcards
T-independent antigen
polysaccharides or lipopolysaccharides that do not require the help of T-cells. Weaker Response.
Antigen(Ag)
A substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T-cells
Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
Resulting from an infection
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
Transplacental or via colostrum
Clonal selection
Differentiation of B cells into 1. memory cells or 2. antibody-producing plasma cells
Hapten
small molecules that are not antigenic unless attached to a carrier molecule
Epitope
Specific regions on antigens OR antigenic determinants
Natural Killer Cells
Non-specific cells that destroy cells that do not express MHC-class 1
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
Injection of an antigen (ex. vaccination)
Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity
Injection of anibodies
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
IgM
1.Pentamer 2.fix complement 3. Found in Blood Lymph, and B cells 4. Agglutinates microbes 5. 1sr antibody produced in response to an infection
IgA
- dimer 2. Most abundant antibody 3. Found in secretions(saliva, tears, mucous, milk, intestine)
Plasma cell
A cell that an activated B cell differentiates into that manufactures specific antibodies
Memory cell
Long-lived B or T cell; responsible for the memory OR secondary response
Immunological Memory
The primary and secondary immune responses to an antigen
Name 1 function of cytokines
Chemical messengers to the immune response system
Name 1 function of interleukins
stimulates T helper cells and attracts phagocytosis
Name 1 function of interferons
Inhibit viral replication
cellular immunity
involves T cells
IgE
1.monomer 2. found on mast cells, basophils, and in blood 3.trigger allergic reaction due to histamine release 4. cause lysis to parasitic worms
Helper T cells
- CD4 cells or Th 2. TCR’s recognize Ag’s MHC II on APC(macrophages, dendritic , and B cells) 3. Produce cytokines and differentiate into memory cells
Cytotoxic T cells
1.CD8 or Tc cells 2.TCR’s recognize MHC I on target cells 3. Activated into T lymphocytes that release perforin or granzymes that induce apoptosis
Innate immunity
Defenses against any pathogen (what you are born with)
Adaptive immunity
specific antibody and lymphocyte response to an antigen
Humoral immunity
antibodies produced by B cells
Define Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)
Digest antigen and present Ag fragments on MHC II
list 3 types of APC
- B cell 2. Dendritic 3. Macrophage
IgD
- Monomer 2. found in blood, lymph, and on B cells 3. Initiate immune response
IgG
- Monomer 2. found in blood, lymph, and intestines 3.cross-placental 4. Enhances phagocytosis (neutralizes toxins and viruses)
T-dependent antigen
Protein Ag that requires the help of a T cell for B cell Antibody production
5 results of Ag-Ab binding
- Agglutination 2. Opsonization 3. Activation of a complement 4. Neutralization 5. Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
