Test 4 Chapter 17

Question 1

T-independent antigen

Answer 1

polysaccharides or lipopolysaccharides that do not require the help of T-cells. Weaker Response.

Question 2

Antigen(Ag)

Answer 2

A substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T-cells

Question 3

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

Answer 3

Resulting from an infection

Question 4

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

Answer 4

Transplacental or via colostrum

Question 5

Clonal selection

Answer 5

Differentiation of B cells into 1. memory cells or 2. antibody-producing plasma cells

Question 6

Hapten

Answer 6

small molecules that are not antigenic unless attached to a carrier molecule

Question 7

Epitope

Answer 7

Specific regions on antigens OR antigenic determinants

Question 8

Natural Killer Cells

Answer 8

Non-specific cells that destroy cells that do not express MHC-class 1

Question 9

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

Answer 9

Injection of an antigen (ex. vaccination)

Question 10

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

Answer 10

Injection of anibodies

Question 11

Apoptosis

Answer 11

Programmed cell death

Question 12

IgM

Answer 12

1.Pentamer 2.fix complement 3. Found in Blood Lymph, and B cells 4. Agglutinates microbes 5. 1sr antibody produced in response to an infection

Question 13

IgA

Answer 13

1. dimer 2. Most abundant antibody 3. Found in secretions(saliva, tears, mucous, milk, intestine)

Question 14

Plasma cell

Answer 14

A cell that an activated B cell differentiates into that manufactures specific antibodies

Question 15

Memory cell

Answer 15

Long-lived B or T cell; responsible for the memory OR secondary response

Question 16

Immunological Memory

Answer 16

The primary and secondary immune responses to an antigen

Question 17

Name 1 function of cytokines

Answer 17

Chemical messengers to the immune response system

Question 18

Name 1 function of interleukins

Answer 18

stimulates T helper cells and attracts phagocytosis

Question 19

Name 1 function of interferons

Answer 19

Inhibit viral replication

Question 20

cellular immunity

Answer 20

involves T cells

Question 21

IgE

Answer 21

1.monomer 2. found on mast cells, basophils, and in blood 3.trigger allergic reaction due to histamine release 4. cause lysis to parasitic worms

Question 22

Helper T cells

Answer 22

1. CD4 cells or Th 2. TCR’s recognize Ag’s MHC II on APC(macrophages, dendritic , and B cells) 3. Produce cytokines and differentiate into memory cells

Question 23

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 23

1.CD8 or Tc cells 2.TCR’s recognize MHC I on target cells 3. Activated into T lymphocytes that release perforin or granzymes that induce apoptosis

Question 24

Innate immunity

Answer 24

Defenses against any pathogen (what you are born with)

Question 25

Adaptive immunity

Answer 25

specific antibody and lymphocyte response to an antigen

Question 26

Humoral immunity

Answer 26

antibodies produced by B cells

Question 27

Define Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)

Answer 27

Digest antigen and present Ag fragments on MHC II

Question 28

list 3 types of APC

Answer 28

1. B cell 2. Dendritic 3. Macrophage

Question 29

IgD

Answer 29

1. Monomer 2. found in blood, lymph, and on B cells 3. Initiate immune response

Question 30

IgG

Answer 30

1. Monomer 2. found in blood, lymph, and intestines 3.cross-placental 4. Enhances phagocytosis (neutralizes toxins and viruses)

Question 31

T-dependent antigen

Answer 31

Protein Ag that requires the help of a T cell for B cell Antibody production

Question 32

5 results of Ag-Ab binding

Answer 32

1. Agglutination 2. Opsonization 3. Activation of a complement 4. Neutralization 5. Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity