Test 4(Ch 17,18, 19) Flashcards
Sleep apnea
Obstructive:
_______ of airflow through nose and mouth
Respiratory muscle ____ active
Central:
_______of airflow
No ________ muscular effort
Cessation, still
Cessation, respiratory
Muscle blood flow may increase as much as ___-fold
25
Alveolar ventilation, oxygen consumption, and heat production may increase as much as ___-fold
20
Size of ______ _______ and heart mass in elite athletes may increase by 40 percent
heart chambers
Mechanisms by Which Exercise Stimulates Ventilation:
Collateral fibers from motor neurons travel to ______
_______ signals from exercising limbs sent to medulla
_______ in body temperature during exercise may also increase ventilation
medulla
Sensory
Increase
During normal, quiet breathing, adult exchanges approximately __ L of gas per minute
6
At rest, normal oxygen consumption (VO2) is approximately ___ mL/min
250
During heavy exercise, VO2 of untrained person may be more than _____ mL of O2/min
3500
VO2 of elite athlete while running marathon may be more than _____ mL O2/min
5000
A-VO2 diff at rest
18-12 = 6 ml/dL
A-VO2 diff at max exercise
19.5 – 2 = 17.5 ml/dL
What essential physiologic responses must occur to supply muscles with adequate blood supply during exercise?
Sympathetic discharge
Increase in cardiac output
Increase in arterial blood pressure
When does SV plateau?
50-60% of max Q
Increase in arterial blood pressure during exercise due to:
________ discharge
Increased ______ _____
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in non-working ______areas
Sympathetic
cardiac output
muscle
At high-altitude, ______ diffusion across alveolar-capillary membrane is limited.
Results in ________ alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (P(A-a)O2).
oxygen
increased
Upon arrival at altitude, what happens to ventilation?
Increases
When staying at altitude for a few weeks, what happens to RBC and hemoglobin level count?
Why is this beneficial?
Increase in RBC production
Increase in hemoglobin level
Increases oxygen delivery to peripheral cells
Why would being at altitude induce respiratory alkalosis?
Due to increased ventilation generated by ________ chemoreceptors at high altitudes, _____ decreases
peripheral
PaCO2
Acute altitude (mountain) sickness:
Onset- __ to 48 h after arrival, most severe days 2 to 3.
Symptoms- Headache, nausea/vomiting, dyspnea, _______
6
insomnia
__________ chemoreceptors do not acclimate to decreased oxygen concentration
Peripheral
During acute exposure to hypoxic environment, cardiac output during both rest and exercise _________ .
increases
Normal CP physiology during sleep.
Autonomic nervous system:
Increased ___ activity
PSN
Normal CP physiology during sleep.
Musculoskeletal system:
Tone _______ throughout Non-REM and further ________during REM
REM usually results in loss of ______ impulses to SK M
decreases
decreases
neural
Normal CP physiology during sleep.
Thermal regulation:
1-2°C _____ during Non-REM
Body temp varies during REM
drop
