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Cardiopulmonary Physiology > Test 1 (Ch.1-3) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Ch.1-3) Flashcards

1
Q

Most common B2 agonist used as a fast acting inhaler.

A

Albuterol

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2
Q

A reversible lung disorder

A

Asthma

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3
Q

Components of upper airway

A

Nose, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx

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4
Q

Where gas exchange happens in he lungs

A

Alveoli

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5
Q

A person with ________ lung disease would have a lower FVC.

A

restrictive

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6
Q

Stage __ COPD includes the use of long term ______ therapy.

A

IV, oxygen

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7
Q

Breathing pattern characterized by an increase in the depth of breathing.

A

Hyperpnea

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8
Q

An abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity.

A

Pneumothorax

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9
Q

ACH is the ________ released when the ________ system is activated.

A

neurotransmitter, parasympathetic

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10
Q

Trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of _________.

A

Inspiration

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11
Q

The last 70% of the FVC is limited due to ________ _______.

A

Dynamic compression

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12
Q

Major cause of COPD.

A

Smoking

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13
Q

Pneumonia is a ________ lung disorder.

A

restrictive

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14
Q

A person with _______ lung disease will have a lower FEV1 and possibly a lower FEV1/FVC.

A

Obstructive

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15
Q

The cartilaginous airways are in the ________ zone

A

Conducting

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16
Q

______ volume is the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in a resting breath.

A

Tidal

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17
Q

_______ flaring can be a sign of respiratory distress.

A

Nasal

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18
Q

Stage __ COPD is considered moderate.

A

II

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19
Q

The first 30% of the FVC is considered to be ________ dependent.

A

effort

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20
Q

Factors affecting normal predicted spirometry values.

A

Height, age, gender, weight, ethnicity

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21
Q

Condition where one can only breathe comfortably in the upright position.

A

Orthopnea

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22
Q

Spirometry alone can diagnose lung disease. T or F?

A

False

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23
Q

Breathing pattern characterized by the absense of spontaneous breathing.

A

Apnea

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24
Q

Stimulation of B2 receptors will ______ heart rate and _______ _______.

A

Increase, blood pressure

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25
Q

The trachea is in the ______ airway.

A

Lower

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26
Q

Stimulation of the B2 receptors will cause _______ of the bronchial smooth muscle.

A

relaxation

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27
Q

COPD patients often exhibit _______ lip breathing to offset ________ ________.

A

pursed, dynamic compression

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28
Q

Volume or capacity that remains in the lungs after a forced exhalation.

A

Residual/reserve Volume

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29
Q

Portion of FVC that cannot be influenced by further muscular effort.

A

Last 70%

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30
Q

Tests used to differentiate between obstructive and restrictive lung disorders.

A

FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC RATIO

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31
Q

Average respiratory rate for an adult at rest

A

12-20 breaths/min

32
Q

4 Primary functions of the upper airway.

_______ of air
______ and warm or cool the inspired air
prevent foreign materials from entering _______________ tree
important area involved in ______ and smell

A

conductor of air
humidify and warm or cool the inspired air
prevent foreign materials from entering tracheobronchial tree
important area involved in speech and smell

33
Q

3 primary functions of the nose.

A

Filter, humidify, and condition (warm or cool) inspired air.

34
Q

Aka epistaxis.
Due to abundance and superficial location of vascular system throughout mucosa of nasal cavity—especially anterior septum area

A

Nosebleeds

35
Q

Inflammation of mucous membranes of nasal cavity

Usually accompanied by swelling of mucosa, excessive mucus production, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip.

A

Rhinitis

36
Q

Inflammation of mucous membrane of one or more of paranasal sinuses

A

Sinusitis

37
Q

Pathology includes:
Excessive production and accumulation of thick bronchial airway secretions
Partial bronchial obstruction and air trapping
Alveolar hyperventilation and complete airway obstruction and alveolar collapse

A

Cystic Fibrosis

38
Q

Two major forms of airways in tracheobronchial tree.

A

Cartilaginous and non cartilaginous.

39
Q

The cartilaginous airways include:

A

trachea and bronchi

40
Q

The non-cartilaginous airways include:

A

bronchioles and terminal bronchiloes

41
Q

The respiratory bronchiloes, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs are in the _______ zone.

A

Respiratory

42
Q

5 accessory inspiratory muscles.

A 
External intercostal muscles
Scaline muscles
Sternocleidomastoid muscles
Pectoralis major muscles
Trapezious muscles
43
Q

5 accessory expiratory muscles.

A 
Rectus abdonimis muscles
External abdonimis  muscles
Internal abdonimis muscles
Transversus abdonimis muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
44
Q

Define ventilation.

A

The process that moves gases between the external environment and the alveoli.
It is the mechanism by which oxygen is carried from the atmosphere to the alveoli and by which carbon dioxide is carried from the alveoli to the atmosphere.

45
Q

Normally VT is approximately ___-____ mL/kg

A

5-7

46
Q

Average VT is approximately ___mL

A

500

47
Q

The volume of air that is inspired but does not reach the alveoli.

A

Dead space ventilation

48
Q

3 types of dead space.

A

Anatomic
Alveolar
Physiologic

49
Q

The volume of gas in the conducting airways.

A

Anatomic dead space

50
Q

A blood clot that travels through the venous system and lodges arteries or arterioles.

A

Pulmonary embolus

51
Q

Short episodes of rapid, uniformly deep inspirations, followed by 10 to 30 seconds of apnea.

A

Biot’s breathing

52
Q

A gradual increase and decrease in the volume and rate of breathing, followed by 10 to 30 seconds of apnea.

A

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

53
Q

Increased rate and depth of breathing.

A

Kussmaul’s breathing

54
Q

The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled beyond the normal VT.

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

IRV

55
Q

The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal VT.

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

ERV

56
Q

The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration.

A

Vital Capacity

VC

57
Q

The volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation.

A

Inspiratory Capacity

IC

58
Q

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.

A

Functional Reserve Capacity

FRC

59
Q

The maximum amount of air that the lungs can accommodate.

A

Total Lung Capacity

TLC

60
Q

The maximum volume of gas that can be exhaled as forcefully and rapidly as possible after a maximal inspiration.

A

Forced Vital Capacity

FVC

61
Q

The volume of air expired in the first second of the blow.

A

FEV1

62
Q

The fraction of air in the first second relative to the total volume exhaled.

A

FEV1/FVC ratio

63
Q

In an obstructive lung disorder, the FEV1 is reduced because of the increased ________ resistance.

A

airway

64
Q

In an obstructive lung disorder, the FVC is reduced because of early airway _______ and _______.

A

closure

trapping

65
Q

These measurements provide data on integrity of airways and severity of airway impairment.
Also indicates whether patient has large or small airway problem

A

Expiratory flow rate

66
Q

Normal percentage of FVC exhaled during FEV.5 and FEV1.

A

60%

83%

67
Q

In restrictive lung disorders, a FEV1 is _______ or ________.

A

normal

mildly reduced

68
Q

Maximum flow rate that can be achieved during FVC maneuver.

A

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

PEFR

69
Q

Largest volume of gas that can be breathed voluntarily in and out of lung in 1 minute

A

Maximum Voluntary Ventilation

MVV

70
Q

Test that provides the best achievable FEV1 and FVC

Helps to differentiate COPD from asthma

A

Bronchodilator Reversibility Test

71
Q

In an obstructive lung disorder, the VC, IC, IRV, and ERV are ________ and the RV, VT, and FRC are ________.

A

Decreased

Increased

72
Q

In a restrictive lung disorder, the VC, IC, RV, FRC, VT, and TLC are _______.

A

Decreased

73
Q

The PEFR in normally healthy men ages 20 t0 30 years is ___ to___L/min and ___L/min for women.

A

500-600L/min

450L/min

74
Q

The FVC, PEFR, FEVT, and FEF25-75% can be determined by the ________ ________ _______.

A

Flow-volume loop

75
Q

The MVV in normal healthy men ages 20-30 is ___L/min.

A

170 L/min

76
Q

The RV/TLC ratio in healthy men ages 20-30 years is __%.

A

20%

Cardiopulmonary Physiology (4 decks)

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