Test 4 Flashcards
What is Work of Breathing
The effort required to expand and contract the lungs
Potassium (K+)
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
Decongestant (purpose)
Narrows blood vessels, leading to cleaning of nasal congestion
Low Flow oxygen (list)
- Nasal Cannula (1-6 L)
- Oximizer- 8L
- Facemask
- –Simple 6-12 L
- –Partial Rebreather and non-rebreather (10-15 L) bags should remain partially inflated
Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
medications
"LOL" Drugs Cardio selective: -Acebutolol HCL -Atenolol -Betaxolol -Metoprolol
Non-selective:
- Bisoprolol
- Carvedilol
- Nadolol
- Pindolol
- Labetalol
- Propranolol
What is a bronchoscopy
A visual exam using a bronchoscope
PO2 (ABG)
80-100 mm Hg
Calcium Channel Blockers
- Verapamil
- Diltiazem HCL
- Amlodipine
- Nicardipine HCL
Cardiac Enzymes
- 4%-6% indicative of MI within 4-6 hours of an MI
- Troponin: ( <0.03 ng/ml) — after myocardial injury
Explain Diffusion
The movement of molecules from higher to lower concentrations, takes place when O2 passes into the capillary bed to be circulated and CO2 leaves the capillary bed and diffuses into the alveoli for ventilator excretion.
How should you stop Beta Blockers and why?
Do not stop beta blockers abruptly, it may lead to angina, MI, rebound hypertension, and dysrhythmias
What is hemothorax
Accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural space, usually from trauma
Lipid Lowering Agents (purpose)
Inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the liver
-prescribed with bp meds
Lipid Lowering Agents (medications)
Statin Drugs:
Lovastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin
Adrenergic (medications)
- Proventil
- Ventolin
Hazards of O2
combustion
drying of mucous membranes
Explain Perfusion
Involves blood flow at the alveolar- capillary bed. Influenced by alveolar pressure. For gas exchange to occur the perfusion of each alveolus must be matched by adequate ventilation
HCO3 (ABG)
21-28 mEq/L
SaO2 (ABG)
95%-100%
High Flow oxygen (list)
- Venturi Mask
- High flow nasal Cannula (HFNC)
-High flow: combination of heat and humidity to minimize damage to mucous membranes
What is hyperventilation
A state of ventilation in which the lungs remove carbon dioxide faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism
Drugs Interacting with Grapefruit Juice
Atenolol, Losartan, Valsartan, Verapamil, Diltiazem HCL, Nicardipine HCL, Isosorbide mononitrate, Lovastatin, Simvastatin
What is hypoventilation
Occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the oxygen demand of the body or eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide
What is Orthopnea?
-An abnormal condition in which a patient uses multiple pillows when reclining to breathe easier, or sits leaning forward with arms elevated