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Physiology Lecture Final!!! > Test #4 > Flashcards

Test #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements is true concerning the depolarization of a cell in the SA node?

A

The cell will not depolarize until it receives sympathetic stimulation

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2
Q

The aortic semilunar valve

A

Prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular relaxation

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3
Q

Which of the following will DECREASE systemic arterial blood pressure

A

Vasodilation

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4
Q

With regard to the regulation of heart rate

A

a. Stimulation of parasympathetic nerves to the heart causes a slowing of heart rate
b. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the heart causes an increase in heart rate
c. A person whose heart lacks all autonomic innervation has a faster heart rate at rest than a person with a normally innervated heart

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5
Q

The carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex

A

a. Regulates blood pressure to the brain
b. Responds to low blood pressure by activating the sympathetic nervous system
c. Responds to high blood pressure by activating the parasympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

If an increase in blood pressure is detected in the right atrium, which of the following would occur?

A

Sympathetic increase of heart rate

Increased vasoconstriction

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7
Q

Which of the following would directly add to vessel resistance?

A

a. Increased vessel length to due weight gain
b. Atherosclerosis
c. Dehydration leading to added viscosity

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8
Q

Put the following events in the cardiac cycle in order, beginning immediately after atrial contraction:

i. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
ii. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
iii. Ventricular filling
iv. Ventricular ejection

A

b. 4,3,2,1

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9
Q

Which of the following would cause an increase in cardiac output, if detected in the aortic arch?

A

High systemic arterial CO2

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10
Q

Which of the following will increase stroke volume?

A

a. Increased afterload
b. Increased preload
c. Increased venous return

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11
Q

Inspiration occurs as a result of

A

Increase in size of the thoracic cavity due to contraction of the inspiratory (external) intercostal muscles
A downward movement of the diaphragm

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12
Q

Oxygen is carried in blood

A

a. Bound to hemoglobin
b. Dissolved in the plasma
c. On the albumin

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13
Q

Afferent arteriole vasoconstriction ____ blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular capillary blood pressure to ______, leading to a(n) ______ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ______ in the GFR.

A

Non of the above

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14
Q

As resistance increases, systemic arterial blood flow will ______. As the change in P increases, blood flow tends to __________.

A

Decrease, decrease

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15
Q

The right atrial reflex

A

Responds to systemic venous pressure

Activated the sympathetic nervous system in response to stretching

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16
Q

Which of the following would cause deoxyhemoglobin to form?

A

Increased temperature of the blood

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17
Q

Basic renal processes include

A

Filtration from Bowman’s capsule into the glomerulus

18
Q

The amount of a substance that is excreted in the urine is equal to the amount that is ______ plus the amount that is ______ minus the amount that is ______

A

Reabsorbed…..secreted……filtered

19
Q

Each of the following substances is initially present in filtrate in the PCT in the kidney. Which one is not normally present in urine?

A

Phosphate ion

20
Q

Which of the following substances undergo renal secretion?

A

Calcium ion

21
Q

The myogenic regulation response in the kidney to high systemic blood pressure would be:

A

None of the above

22
Q

Which of the following would cause an increase in Na reabsorption at the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

a. Decreased blood volume
b. Decreased blood pressure
c. Decreased cardiac output

23
Q

In order for water to be absorbed at the distal convoluted tubule, _____ must be present

A

ADH

24
Q

Which of the following is composed of inspiration and expiration?

A

Internal respiration

25
Q

Contraction of which of the following muscles is involved in normal expiration?

A

External Intercostals

26
Q

The opening and closing of the AV and semilunar valves is driven by

A

Differences in pressure across the valve

27
Q

Which of the following is the correct conduction pathway through the heart?

A

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

28
Q

What is occurring during ventricular ejection?

A

The AV valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open as blood is leaving the ventricles.

29
Q

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all four heart valves open?

A

none

30
Q

Which of the following describes the effect of end-diastolic volume on stroke volume? (Starling’s Law)

A

An increase in end-diastolic volume stretches ventricular muscle cells to lengths closer to optimum, increasing the strength of contraction and thereby increasing stroke volume.

31
Q

During myogenic (local) regulation of glomerular filtration rate, an increase in mean arterial pressure will cause the

A

Afferent arterioles to constrict and thereby maintain a relatively constant glomerular filtration pressure

32
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system decrease glomerular filtration rate?

A

Stimulates constriction of the afferent arteriole only

33
Q

In diabetes mellitus, why does polyuria occur?

A

Lack of insulin decreases water reabsorption

34
Q

Most reabsorption occurs in the _____ and is ______

A

Proximal tubule: not regulated

35
Q

Increasing the GFR will increase the loss rate of sodium into the urine

A

True

36
Q

The SA node is normally the heart’s pacemaker because it has the fastest spontaneous rate of depolarization

A

False

37
Q

Aldosterone causes sodium secretion and potassium reabsorption

A

True

38
Q

The respiratory system and the urinary system both have mechanisms of regulating blood pH

A

True

39
Q

During inspiration, the diaphragm contacts and the alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure; during expiration, the diaphragm relaxes and the alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure

A

True

40
Q

In the systemic circulation, the PO2 of arterial blood exceeds the PO2 of venous blood, while the reverse is true for the pulmonary circulation

A

True

41
Q

Contraction of the atria causes the opening of the atrioventricular valves

A

False

Physiology Lecture Final!!! (4 decks)

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