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Physiology Lecture Final!!! > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

For an action potential to occur:

A

a. The stimulus must reach or exceed threshold
b. Sodium movement into the cell must exceed potassium movement out of the cell
c. The membrane must be out of the absolute refractory period

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2
Q

The hormone insulin causes the transport of glucose into body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative feedback system. Which of the following is most likely to be correct?

A

An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will in turn lower the blood glucose concentration.

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Depends upon the interaction of receptors, integrating centers, and effectors
Depends primarily upon negative feedback

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4
Q

The way in which the nervous system can detect the intensity of a stimulus is

A

The frequency of action potentials

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5
Q

Which of the following statements applies to paracrine regulation?

A

Prostaglandins are paracrine chemicals

Paracrine chemicals are released by cells in a tissue and act on cells in the same vicinity

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6
Q

Which of the following would be likely to alter a cells resting membrane potential?

A

a. Loss of Na+ through dehydration
b. Opening chemical-gated Na+ channels
c. Stopping the Na+/K+ pump
d. An excess of K+ in the ECF

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7
Q

A protein is found in blood that is produced by the pituitary gland and acts on the testes, the protein is classified as an

A

Hormone

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8
Q

The process of breaking down glucose to form ATP energy

A

Glycolysis

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9
Q

Enzymes

A

Are shape-specific proteins

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10
Q

Which of the following can be used to produce ATP by cellular respiration?

A

a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Proteins

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11
Q

Ammonia is

A

Processed by the liver to less toxic compound

A waste product of protein metabolism

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12
Q

Simple diffusion across a membrane

A

Does not require a carrier protein

Is influenced by the surface area of the membrane

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13
Q

Which of the following could most easily cross the lipid portion of the plasma membrane?

A

Fatty acids

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14
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the active transport of substances across cell membranes is correct?

A

a. Both primary and secondary active transport will eventually use ATP energy
b. Active transport requires a carrier protein
c. Active transport moves molecules from their low concentration to their high concentration

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15
Q

Which of the following statements about the Na+/K+ pump is false?

A

It transports Na+ and K+ in a 3:1 ratio

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16
Q

Which of the following examples of transport requires a carrier protein?

A

Facilitated diffusion of glucose down its concentration gradient
The Na+/K+ pump

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17
Q

Which of the following statements regarding endocytosis and exocytosis is correct?

A

Endocytosis is a method by which large molecules may be brought into the cell
Exocytosis is a method by which large molecules may be excreted from the cell

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18
Q

A chemical messenger is released by a cell within the thyroid gland and binds to receptors on other thyroid cells and to receptors on itself. The chemical messenger would be considered

A

Paracrine factor

Autocrine factor

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19
Q

The concentration gradient for Na+

A

Is maintained by the Na+/K+ pump

20
Q

In response to falling blood pressure, the nercous system will stimulate the heart to pump harder and increase blood pressure. This is an example of:

A

Extrinsic regulation to accomplish negative feedback

21
Q

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution

A

The cell will crenate

The solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell

22
Q

Which of the following types of transport does not rely on a concentration gradient?

A

Filtration

23
Q

Increasing the concentration of a substrate for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction will increase the rate of that reaction until the point of____________ is reached.

A

Saturation

24
Q

Which of the following types of transport is involved in trans epithelial transport of sodium?

A

Active transport of Na+

Diffusion of Na+ through a channel

25
Q

Which of the following would generally cause an increased (enzyme-catalyzed) reaction rate?

A

Increased substrate concentration

Increased enzyme concentration

26
Q

Which of the following examples of transport does not require a carrier protein?

A

Diffusion of K+ down its concentration gradient

The movement of water into a cell

27
Q

Place the numbers of theses components of a reflex arc in the correct order:

  1. Effector
  2. Receptor
  3. Afferent pathway
  4. Stimulus
  5. Integration center
  6. Efferent pathway
A

4,2,3,5,6,1

28
Q

Which of the following is responsible for restoring the resting electrical gradient (polarized nature) of the plasma membrane after an action potential?

A

The opening of voltage-gated K+ channels

29
Q

The absolute refactory period of a cell has primarily to do with

A

The status of the voltage-gated Na+ channels

30
Q

Opening gated Na+ channels in a cell membrane would result in

A

Depolarization

The inside and the outside of the cell membrane becoming more similar

31
Q

The process of making glucose fro amino acids is

A

Gluconeogenesis

32
Q

When a molecule temporarily binding somewhere other than the active site controls an enzyme activity, it is called?

A

Allosteric regulation

33
Q

Which of the following statements about transepithelial transport of glucose with sodium is true?

A

Glucose and sodium both move into the apical surface of the cell

34
Q

What type of ion channels is responsible for establishing the resting membrane potential of a cell?

A

Leak channels

35
Q

During which of the following states are the majority of voltage-gated sodium channels closed and incapable of opening?

A

During the absolute refactory period

36
Q

Which of the following would decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

A

Increasing the concentration of product

37
Q

A protein kinase catalyzes which of the following types of chemical reactions?

A

Phosphorylation

38
Q

The organ that stores glucose as glycogen and then provides glucose to the blood when needed is the:

A

Liver

39
Q

Which of the following pairs of characteristics is more likely to make a substance diffuse through the lipid portion of the cell membrane?

A

Small, non-polar molecule

40
Q

Hypocalcaemia explains the basis for stopping the heartbeat during lethal injection.

A

False

41
Q

Action potentials can be either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing

A

False

42
Q

A strong stimulus produces a strong action potential

A

False

43
Q

The primary source of negative charges in the intracellular fluid is the presence of chloride ions

A

False

44
Q

Increasing the concentration of substrate for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction will increase the saturation rate

A

False

45
Q

Filtration moves solutes from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

A

False

Physiology Lecture Final!!! (4 decks)

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