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Physiology Lecture Final!!! > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

In skeletal muscle crossbride cycling, ATP

A

Allows myosin to release actin and reset to the energized position

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2
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is least resistant to fatigue?

A

Fast gly

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3
Q

When an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) antagonist is in the synapse

A

There will be more acetylcholine in the synapse

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4
Q

Rigor mortis is because of

A

ATP, which is necessary for the removal of Ca from the sarcomere, is not being formed

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5
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the shortening of a skeletal-muscle fiber is not true? When a skeletal-muscle fiber shortens,

A

the actin and myosin myofilaments shorten

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6
Q

Which neurotransmitter system is implicated in Parkinson’s disease?

A

Dopamine

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7
Q

The tension in a skeletal muscle can be increased by

A

Temporal summation of a muscle fiber

Motor unit summation

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8
Q

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

A

Is produced by an increased membrane permeability to K

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9
Q

What will happen to the concentration of a neurotransmitter in a synaptic cleft when the frequency of action potentials increases in the presynaptic neuron?

A

It increases

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10
Q

The EPSPs from two different synapses occur at the same time and cause a larger depolarization than either one alone could cause. This is an example of

A

Spatial summation in neurons

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11
Q

Which of the following is a parasympathetic nervous system function?

A

Increase smooth muscle contraction in the digestive tract

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12
Q

The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the ____ of ____ channels

A

Opening; potassium

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13
Q

Predict the response of the smooth muscle of the uterus to sympathetic nervous system stimulation.

A

Inhibition and relaxation

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14
Q

Exocytosis of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft is triggered by an influx of _____ (to the presynaptic cell) in response to the arrival of an action potential in the axon terminal.

A

Ca+2

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15
Q

When a skeletal muscle has been working for an extended period of time (more than 15 minutes, but less than 40), the primary source of ATP is

A

Metabolism of blood glucose

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16
Q

The transverse (T) tubules in a skeletal muscle fiber

A

Provide a means of transmitting an action potential in the muscle sarcolemma to the central portions of the muscle fiber

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17
Q

The neurotransmitter used in communication between a sympathetic motor neuron and a cardiac muscle cell is:

A

Norepinephrine

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18
Q

Which of the following is a biogenic amine that is NOT classified as a catecholamine?

A

Serotonin

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19
Q

Place the following steps of crossbridge formation in the correct order

i. AP reaches T-tubules
ii. Tropomyosin moves to reveal active sites
iii. Ca2+ is released from the SR
iv. Crossbridge forms
v. Ca+2 binds to troponin

A

3,1,5,2,4

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20
Q

Which of the following statements about acetylcholine is correct?

A

Acetylcholine binds to cholinergic receptors

Acetylcholine binds to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

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21
Q

An EPSP in a membrane

A

Is often a direct result of the opening of chemical-gated Na+ channels in the membrane

22
Q

“Motor-Unit” refers to

A

a single motor neuron plus all of the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates

23
Q

a marathon runner’s legs would likely contain extremely well-trained ____ fibers?

A

Slow ox

24
Q

A myofibril is

A

Composed of actin and myosin

Composed of proteins

25
Q

The way in which the nervous system can detect the intensity of a stimulus is

A

The frequency of action potentials

26
Q

During a skeletal muscle fiber twitch, Ca is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum primarily during the _____ phase.

A

Relaxation

27
Q

Which of the following neurotransmitters is lipid-soluble and is contained in chocolate?

A

Anadamide

28
Q

The response of a single skeletal much cell to a single action potential is termed:

A

A twitch

29
Q

Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and then travels to the sarcomere via _____ and it is taken back up into the SR via _____

A

Diffusion; primary active transport

30
Q

Which of the following neurotransmitters bind to adrenergic receptors?

A

a. Adrenaline
b. Epinephrine
c. Norepinephrine

31
Q

No Question

A

Freebee

32
Q

____ is an amino acid neurotransmitter at excitatory synapses whereas ____ is an amino acid neurotransmitter at inhibitory synapses.

A

Aspartate; glycine

33
Q

The neurotransmitter released from postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system is

A

Acetylcholine

34
Q

Endorphins and enkephalins bind to which of the following receptors

A

Opiod

35
Q

The release of a phosphate from the myosin molecule directly results in which of the following?

A

Release of the crossbridge

36
Q

Put the following sources of energy from skeletal muscle contraction in the order in which they would be utilized;

i. ATP bound to myosin thick filaments
ii. Blood glucose
iii. Creatine phosphate
iv. Fatty acid metabolism
v. Stored glycogen

A

2,3,1,4,5

37
Q

The binding of calcium to troponin will directly cause which of the following

A

The movement of tropomyosin, exposing the actin active sites

38
Q

Aerobic, or low-intensity, muscle training eventually results in

A

More capillaries

More myoglobin

39
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic postganglionic acetylcholine?

A

Not enough information to determine

40
Q

The preganglionic synapses in the sympathetic nervous system are

A

Excitatory and cholinergic

41
Q

In a resting state, _____ covers the actin active site

A

Tropomyosin

42
Q

Students who suffer from test anxiety often have some of the following symptoms: increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and a dry mouth. What branch of the autonomic nervous system would cause these symptoms?

A

Sympathetic

43
Q

The time between the occurrence of an AP in skeletal muscle and the onset of tension is called what?

A

Latent period

44
Q

What are the three types of muscle fibers that are found in skeletal muscles?

A

Slow ox, fast ox, fast gly

45
Q

What is a change in the postsynaptic potential that brings membrane potential closer to threshold called?

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

46
Q

Convergence in neuron physiology refers to which of the following?

A

The communication of several neurons to one postsynaptic cell

47
Q

Multi-unit smooth muscle has gap junctions and all cells act as a single functional unit

A

False

48
Q

Muscles used for delicate, finely controlled movements have smaller, more numerous motor units than more coarsely controlled muscles

A

True

49
Q

During skeletal muscles contraction, the I band and H zone shorten but the A band stays the same

A

True

50
Q

The neurotransmitter used primarily for reward and reinforcement in the CNS is GABA.

A

False

Physiology Lecture Final!!! (4 decks)

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