test 4

Question 1

What are the years of the Romantic period

Answer 1

1825-1900

Question 2

What does Romantic music highlight like never before

Answer 2

human emotions

Question 3

Describe the technical improvements of instruments

Answer 3

valves on brass instruments, stronger piano, new instruments (like saxophone)

Question 4

How did democracy influence the Romantic period?

Answer 4

Better education led to better musicians and composers writing harder pieces

Question 5

What did public concert halls lead to?

Answer 5

Bigger orchestras with greater dynamic abilities and greater care in orchestration

Question 6

What inspired the composers?

Answer 6

literature and poetry of the day, authors drawn to the more whimsical side of life; individuality expressed over all

Question 7

love, longing, fleeting nature of happiness, beauty of nature and “bohemian nature” are all examples of what?

Answer 7

Favorite topics by Romantic authors

Question 8

German Art song, solo voice and piano, sets Romantic poetry to music

Answer 8

Lied

Question 9

Describe the characters and music in Erlking

Answer 9

All sung by 1 person, fathers voice is a little lower, son’s is a little higher, erlking is more calm and reassuring, and narrator
triplet piano represents horse galloping.
form is “through-composed”=Song structure that is composed from beginning to end, without repetitions of large sections.

Question 10

Collection of lieder that fit together as a set, using a narrative thread or descriptive theme

Answer 10

Song cycle

Question 11

Most important keyboard instrument of the Romantic period

Answer 11

piano

Question 12

Piano music led to rise of what

Answer 12

virtuoso concert performer

Question 13

Technical improvements of Pianos in Romantic Period

Answer 13

Louder due to metal bracing, easier to play fast due to hammer mechanisms, bigger range (7 octaves)

Question 14

Sonatas (multi movement)
Single movement
Piano concertos
Chamber piano music

Answer 14

Forms of piano music

Question 15

Tempo Rubato

Answer 15

Borrowed or robbed time, elasticity of tempo

Question 16

Romantic traits:

Answer 16

Memorable, singable melodies, longer melodies than before, more expressive harmonies, often using chromaticism dissonance, Form is less predictable, often longer

Question 17

Program music

Answer 17

instrumental (nonvocal) music with pictorial associations

Question 18

Absolute music

Answer 18

instrumental music with no pictorial associations

Question 19

Incidental music

Answer 19

Music intended to accompany a stage play

Question 20

Concert Overture

Answer 20

a single movement, programmatic work for orchestra, often with a literary program

Question 21

Symphonic poem

Answer 21

a single-movement, programmatic work for orchestra,that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood

Question 22

Program symphony

Answer 22

a multi-movement, programmatic work for orchestra

Question 23

Hector Berliozs “symphony fantastique”

Answer 23

invented the term idée fixe (fixed idea) term for a recurring musical idea that links different movements of a work.

Question 24

melody is transformed to suit the plot of the story line

Answer 24

Thematic transformation

Question 25

Romantic symphony: absolute music

Answer 25

composers wrote fewer but longer symphonies

Question 26

Expanded Classical Form:

Answer 26

longer first movements and developments,
2nd and 3rd movements often switched (slower 3rd movement)
4th movement longer

Question 27

Edvard Grieg

Answer 27

Nationalism in music, Norwegian composer, wrote music based on Norwegian folk tales

Question 28

What types of Opera styles were in France?

Answer 28

Grand Opera, Opera Comique, and Lyric Opera

Question 29

Serious historical themes, huge spectacles

Answer 29

Grand Opera

Question 30

Smaller, spoken dialogue (ex: Bizet’s “Carmen”)

Answer 30

Opera Comique

Question 31

Somewhere between Grand Opera and Opera Comique

Answer 31

Lyric Opera

Question 32

Love of supernatural blended with natural forces, love for nature. C.M von Webers Dur Freischutz

Answer 32

Germanic National Style

Question 33

Longest tradition of the 3, Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini, the masters of bel canto style.

Answer 33

Italian National styles

Question 34

Beautiful singing style

Answer 34

bel canto

Question 35

Verdi

Answer 35

cultivates a uniquely national style

Question 36

verismo

Answer 36

realism

Question 37

exoticism

Answer 37

interest in far away lands

Question 38

Richard Wagner

Answer 38

single most important figure of late 19th century, leads into late 20th century concepts of tonality and harmony

Question 39

Music Drama

Answer 39

Opera that integrates music and theatre completely

Question 40

Gesamtkunstwerk

Answer 40

total artwork; combines music, poetry, drama and gesture

Question 41

Ring of the Nibelung

Answer 41

cycle of 4 operas, based on Norse mythology and German Epic poem, the Nibelungenlied

Question 42

Wagner’s style

Answer 42

more separated receptive and aria (not a numbers opera) “endless melody” orchestra was focal point, used huge group, especially in brass, Leitmotif: musical symbols of specific characters, objects or ideas. Harmonic language based on chromaticism , paves way for 20th century dissonance

Question 43

Basic Romantic Style Traits

Answer 43

Melody: singable, longer, more expanded, wider range, more chromatic
Rhythm: more elastic (rubato), overall more complicated
Harmony: more chromaticism, stretches the limit of tonality, more expressive
Form: expanded traditional form or abandoned them altogether to favor freer forms