Test 2 Flashcards
Drama that is sung
Opera
New style that features solo voice
Monody
Baroque time period
1600-1750
Florentine Camerata
Group of Italian artists, musicians and philosophers that first developed Opera
Basso Continuo
Accompaniment for a recitative. 2 instruments, one melodic one chordal
Figured Bass
Shorthand, harmonic notation for basso continuo
Castrati
Young singers castrated to conserve their high voices
Recitative
Sparse accompaniment, not much rhythm involved, ‘speech like text’ often dialogue
Aria
Full orchestra accompaniment, more of a rhythmic pulse with a defined meter
Secco Recitative
Sparse accompaniment, just basso continuo, and fast speech like delivery of text
Recitative Accompagnato
Recitative with whole orchestra accompanying
Liberato
text of an opera
de capo aria
Aria in ABA form with vocal embellishments in return of A section
overture
orchestral introduction to opera
Choruses
unnamed characters representing ‘the people’ used often in climatic finishes
Opera seria
Italian style of Opera with a serious/tragic plot ex:Handel’s Julius Caesar
Oratorio
Large scale dramatic genre with sacred text performed by solo voices, chorus, and orchestra. not staged or costumed
Relentless driving rhythm, continuously expanding melody , major/minor tonality
Basic traits of Baroque style
Suite
Collection of dances written for instruments
traits of a suite
Each movement in the same key, movements often binary (AB) or tertiary (ABA), each movement modulates to a new key at the end of each section, and can be for many instruments or solo
prelude
Usually precedes a suite
Genre that features either solo or small group of instruments, set against a large ensemble such as orchestra. usually 3 movements fast-slow-fast and 2nd movement in a contrasting key
Concerto
Solo Concerto
Soloist with large ensemble
Concerto Grosso
Small group of instruments with large ensemble
Ritornello Form
refrain based, ‘it returns’
Program Music
Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations
Sontana
instrumental genre in several movements for solo or small ensemble
trio Sontana
3 separate parts for 4 players (violinists and basso continuo)
solo sontana
for solo instrument such as violin or harpsicord
Well-Tempered Clavier
written to celebrate invention of equal temperament, invention of a new tuning system that made it possible to play in every key
Equal temperamet
new tuning system that made it possible to play in every key
Fugue
polyphonic form in which one or more themes are developed by imitative counterpoint
The art of combining two or more melodic lines
Counterpoint
Subject
first statement of a theme
Answer
subsequent statements of a theme in higher or lower pitches
Countersubject
Accompaniment line heard during the answer
Exposition
First section of fugue where each voice presents the theme
Episodes
moments where the theme is not heard
inversion
theme written upsidedown
retrograde
theme written backwards
retrograde inversion
theme written backwards and upside down
Augmentation
Theme written in longer rhythmic values (sounds slower)
Diminution
Theme written in shorter rhythmic values (sounds slower)
Cantata
simular to oratorio, voices (solo and chorus) and orchestra, has recitative and aria, has narrative storyline. some are sacred, not secular
