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Test 1A (AP) > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Receptor that responds to changes in chemical concentrations (smell, taste, oxygen concentration)

A

Pain receptors (nociceptors)

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2
Q

Outer most layer of the Meninges that contains many blood vessels & nerves is _____________?

A

Dura Mater

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3
Q

Transmits all Ascending and Descending impulses: Two - way conduction path

A

Medulla Oblongata

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4
Q

Functions of the spinal cord include?

A

Center for Spinal Reflexes Conduit (pathway) for Nerve Impulses to and from the Brain

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5
Q

Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Breathing Rate are Decreased Digestive Functions Increase Peristalsis Increase secretion of Digestive Juices and Insulin These are responses for ______________________?

A

Parasympathetic Stimulation

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6
Q

Slender column of nervous tissue continuous with Brain and Brainstem is called the _____________?

A

Spinal Cord

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7
Q

Thick gel that holds the Retina flat against Choroid Coat Helps maintain the shape of the Eye Location: Posterior Cavity

A

Vitreous Humor

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8
Q

Shallow groove that divide each Hemisphere into grooves is called?

A

Sulci

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9
Q

What conducts Efferent impulses from the Processing Center to an Effector?

A

Motor Neuron

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10
Q

Very thin, vascular membrane that adheres closely to the Brain and Spinal Cord and contains many nerves and also many blood vessels that aid in nourishing the underlying cells of the Brain and Spinal Cord is the ________________?

A

Pia Mater

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11
Q

Anterior cavity of eye, between cornea and lens, is filled with a watery fluid is called _____________?

A

Aqueous Humor

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12
Q

Gray matter is mostly composed of _______________?

A

Interneurons

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13
Q

What transmits the afferent impulses to the CNS?

A

Sensory Neuron

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14
Q

Largest or deepest fissure that divides the Cerebrum into the right and left Cerebral Hemispheres is the ________________?

A

Longitudinal Fissure

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15
Q

Middle ear is also referred to as the _______________?

A

Tympanic Cavity

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16
Q

Which organ secretes tears?

A

Lacrimal gland

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17
Q

Outer layer of the eye contains the ____________?

A

Fibrous Tunic

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18
Q

How many pairs of lumbar nerves are there?

A

5

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19
Q

Semicircular Canals Sense rotation and movement of head and body

A

Dynamic Equilibrium

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20
Q

space enclosed by lens, ciliary body, and retina Contains vitreous humor: thick gel that supports internal structures and maintains shape of eye

A

Posterior Cavity

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21
Q

Primary Motor Areas are located in the _____________? What does it control?

A

Frontal Lobes; Voluntary Muscles

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22
Q

What separates the Frontal Lobe from the Parietal Lobe?

A

Central Sulcus

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23
Q

Osseous Labyrinth is filled with ____________

A

Perilymph

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24
Q

When neurons of the Basal Ganglia degenerate it causes ______________?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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25
Q

Collects tears from canaliculi Lies in groove in lacrimal bone

A

Lacrimal sac

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26
Q

Receptors confined to structures in the head Location: Eyes, Ears, Nose and Tongue

A

Special Senses

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27
Q

Thin, delicate, weblike membrane that lacks Blood Vessels is?

A

Arachnoid Mater

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28
Q

The fissure that separates the Cerebrum from the Cerebellum is the ____________?

A

Transverse Fissure

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29
Q

Functions to coordinate the muscular actions of the Mouth, Tongue, and Larynx as well as speech is _____________

A

Broca’s Area

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30
Q

Function: Produces such feelings as anger, fear, pleasure and sorrow. Differentiates pleasant from unpleasant Emotional Brain

A

Limbic System

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31
Q

Auditory Area is located where?

A

Temporal lobes

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32
Q

A person’s view of the stimulus The way the brain Interprets the information is called?

A

Perception

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33
Q

What flows through the Dural Sinuses?

A

Venous Blood

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34
Q

Masses of gray matter located deep within the Cerebral Hemispheres are called?

A

Basal Ganglia (Nuclei)

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35
Q

Contain light sensitive pigment Provide vision in dim light Produce colorless vision

A

Rods

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36
Q

Heart Rate Increases Blood vessels constrict  Increase in B/P Dilation of blood vessels to Skeletal Muscles Dilation of the Airways to the Lungs Increase the activities of Sweat and Adrenal Glands Decrease in function of the Digestive Glands These are responses for ______________________?

A

Sympathetic Stimulation

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37
Q

(IX)

A

Glossopharyngeal Mixed Sensory: Pharynx, Tonsils, Posterior Tongue and Carotid Arteries Taste: Posterior 1/3 of Tongue Motor: Muscles of Salivary Glands and Muscles for Swallowing (Pharynx)

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38
Q

A thin cord of CT that descends to the upper surface of the Coccyx is called?

A

Filum Terminale

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39
Q

What responds to the efferent impulses?

A

Effector

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40
Q

Visual area is located where?

A

Occipital lobes

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41
Q

Organ for sense of hearing is called?

A

Spiral Organ (Organ of Corti)

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42
Q

(III)

A

) Oculomotor Primarily Motor Lid movement: Raise the eyelids Eye movements Pupil constriction: Constricts iris in response to light

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43
Q

Brachial Plexuses is located between ____?

A

C5-T1

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44
Q

Contains Axons from the Motor Neurons leaving the Spinal Cord Their Cell Bodies were found in the gray matter of the Spinal Cord

A

Ventral (Anterior) Root

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45
Q

Bands of Pia Mater that attach the Meningeal Layer of the Dura Mater to the Spinal Cord are called _______________?

A

Denticulate Ligaments

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46
Q

Auditory tube is also referred to as the _____________?

A

Eustachian Tube

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47
Q

Site of the Stimulus action Located at the end of a Sensory Neuron is?

A

Receptor

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48
Q

The brainstem includes what 3 things?

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

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49
Q

Many Reflex Actions are integrated in the _____________?

A

Midbrain

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50
Q

Provides Blood supply Pigments absorb extra light

A

Choroid Coat

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51
Q

Broca’s area is located where?

A

Frontal Lobe/Left Hemisphere

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52
Q

Which taste sensation is stimulated by carbohydrates Location: at the tip of the tongue . _______________

A

Sweet

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53
Q

What contains the centers for thousands and thousands of Reflex Arcs?

A

Primary Reflex Center

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54
Q

(XI)

A

Accessory Motor Cranial Branch: Muscles of the Soft Palate, Pharynx and Larynx Spinal Branch: Muscles of the Neck and Back

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55
Q

Cranial nerves conduct impulses into which part of the brain?

A

medulla oblongata

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56
Q

(II)

A

Optic Sensory (only): Sense of Vision

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57
Q

An example of a Simple Monosynaptic Reflex is ________________? What does it employ?

A

Knee-Jerk Reflex / Patellar Tendon Reflex Two neurons and involves only one Synapse

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58
Q

Spinal Tap: (Lumbar Puncture) is inserted where?

A

Into a space between L3 & L4 or L4 &L5

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59
Q

Which division prepares the body for stressful and emergency conditions?

A

Sympathetic Division “Fight or Flight”

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60
Q

Consists of Sensory Fibers that transmit impulses to the Spinal Cord from the peripheral parts of the body.

A

Dorsal Root (Posterior or Sensory)

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61
Q

Consist of Hair Cells and Supporting Cells Rapid turns of either the head or body stimulate the Hair Cells

A

Crista Ampullaris

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62
Q

All regions of the Cerebral Cortex can communicate with the Thalamus by?

A

Descending FIbers

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63
Q

Ridges or raised areas are called _________

A

Gyri

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64
Q

How many segments is the spinal cord composed of?

A

31

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65
Q

Sensory Receptor that responds to changes in smell, taste, oxygen concentration.

A

Chemoreceptors

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66
Q

Sensory are for taste is located where?

A

In the Insula

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67
Q

How many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there?

A

1 pair

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68
Q

Space between the Arachnoid Mater and the Pia Mater is the ____________?

A

Subarachnoid Space

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69
Q

Cervical Plexuses is located between _____?

A

C1-C4

70
Q

Series of internconnected Cavities or spaces that are continuous with the Central Canal of the Spinal Cord is the _______________?

A

Four Ventricles

71
Q

How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there?

A

12

72
Q

What makes up the outermost portion of the Cerebrum and the presence of the Convolutions greatly increase its surface area. ________________?

A

Cerebral Cortex

73
Q

Between the Cerebral Hemispheres and above the Brain Stem Surrounds the Third Ventricle and composed of Gray Matter. _________________

A

Diencephalon

74
Q

(VII)

A

Facial Mixed Sensory: Taste of anterior 2/3 of Tongue Motor: Muscles of Facial Expression, Tear Glands and Salivary Glands

75
Q

Sensory Receptor that respond to light (eyes)

A

Photoreceptors

76
Q

Anterior portion “Window of the Eye” Transparent Function: Light transmission

A

Cornea

77
Q

Located in the Brain Stem just in front of the Cerebellum is?

A

Fourth Ventricle

78
Q

Function: It is the main Visceral Control Center of the Body Plays important roles in maintaining Homeostasis by regulating a variety of Visceral activities roles. This is the ___________?

A

Hypothalamus

79
Q

The neural pathway that a impulse takes through the Nervous System and carries out the simplest response is/

A

A Reflex Arc

80
Q

(X)

A

Vagus Mixed Sensory: From Pharynx, Larynx, & Esophagus and Viscera of Thorax and Abdomen Somatic Motor: Muscles involved with Speech and Swallowing Autonomic Motor: Transmits impulses to the Heart, Smooth Muscle and Viscera of Thorax and Abdomen

81
Q

Olfactory Area is located where?

A

Temporal lobes

82
Q

Middle layer of the eye contains the ___________?

A

Vascular Tunic

83
Q

The 3 Meninges are?

A
  1. Dura Mater 2. Arachnoid Mater 3. Pia Mater
84
Q

True or False: If the sensory area of the Cerebrum is destroyed, the person can still be conscious of pain, temperature, crude touch and pressure?

A

True

85
Q

First Ventricle (in the left cerebral hemisphere) Second Ventricle (in the right cerebral hemisphere) These are the largest Ventricles is the __________________?

A

Lateral Ventricles

86
Q

Inner layer of the eye contains the ___________?

A

Nervous Tunic

87
Q

(V)

A

Trigeminal Mixed Sensory: Skin of Face, surface of the Eyes, Tear Glands, Skin of the Upper and Lower Jaws, Gums and Lips Motor: Muscles of Mastication and to muscles of the floor of the Mouth

88
Q

Ability to ignore unimportant (or continuous) stimuli is called?

A

Sensory Adaptation

89
Q

(VIII)

A

Vestibulocochlear - Two Branches Sensory: (1) Vestibular: Sense of Equilibrium (2) Cochlear: Sense of Hearing (Auditory)

90
Q

(I)

A

Olfactory Sensory (only): Sense of Smell

91
Q

Functions include reasoning, interpretation of sensory impulses, control of voluntary muscles, storage of memory, and retrieving those memories. ____________-

A

Cerebrum

92
Q

Very deep Grooves are called ___________

A

Fissures

93
Q

Antibacterial component of tears is _______________?

A

Lysozyme

94
Q

Provides perception of distance, depth, height and width of objects Results from formation of two slightly different retinal images from eyes This is called _______________

A

Stereoscopic Vision

95
Q

Sensory Area that interprets sensations on skin Involves temperature, touch, pressure, and pain is _______________?

A

Cutaneous Sensory Area

96
Q

Which area involves Interpretation of the sensation Helps you evaluate what is felt in relationship to size, texture and relationship to parts

A

Association Areas

97
Q

Olfactory Nerve Pathway in order is?

A

Olfactory Nerves Olfactory Bulbs Olfactory Tracts Limbic System (Emotions) and Olfactory Cortex (Interpretation)

98
Q

Yellow spot of the retina is called ___________?

A

Macula Lutea

99
Q

Five Parts of a Reflex Arc in order:

A
  1. Receptor 2. Sensory Neuron 3. Interneuron 4. Motor Neuron 5. Effector
100
Q

What covers the Choroid Plexuses?

A

Ependymal Cells

101
Q

Which sensation is stimulated by many organic compounds Location: Back of the tongue

A

Bitter

102
Q

What controls General Wakefulness or Alertness of the Brain?

A

Reticular Formation

103
Q

Taste is also known as ____________

A

Gustation

104
Q

(IV)

A

Trochlear Primarily Motor Eye Movements

105
Q

Function as centers for Non-vital Reflexes such as those associated with: Sneezing Swallowing Coughing Vomiting

A

Medulla Oblongata

106
Q

Basal Ganglia produces the neurotransmitter ____________.

A

Dopamine

107
Q

What functions to coordinate skeletal muscle activity as well as maintain equilibrium and balance ?

A

Cerebellum

108
Q

A change in the shape of the lens, to view close objects is called?

A

Accommodation

109
Q

Most memory occurs in the ______________.

A

Cerebral Cortex

110
Q

Masses of specialized Capillaries from the Pia Mater that secrete Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is?

A

Choroid Plexuses

111
Q

The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the _________________?

A

Corpus Callosum

112
Q

Which division most active under ordinary conditions Normal, everyday, non-stressful conditions?

A

Parasympathetic Division “Resting and Digesting System”

113
Q

What produces the sharpest vision ____________?

A

Fovea Centralis

114
Q

What holds lens and moves lens for Focusing

A

Ciliary Body

115
Q

Sensory Receptor that respond to mechanical forces that distort receptor (touch, tension, blood pressure, stretch)

A

Mechanoreceptors

116
Q

An area of the Skin innervated by the Sensory nerve fibers of a Single Spinal Nerve. ____________

A

Dermatome

117
Q

What conducts Sensory Impulses to the Brain

A

Ascending Tracts

118
Q

Lumbosacral Plexuses is located between _____?

A

T12-S5

119
Q

Function: Central Relay Station for Sensory Impulses, ascending from other parts of the Nervous System to the Cerebral Cortex Selective gateway for Sensory Impulses Receives all sensory impulses except for those associated with the sense of Smell. _______________

A

Thalamus

120
Q

Senses position of the head when body is not moving is callled?

A

Static Equilibrium

121
Q

Action of a reflex in order is?

A
  1. Receptor 2. CNS 3. Effector
122
Q

Anterior portion Pigmented Controls light intensity

A

Iris

123
Q

(XII)

A

Hypoglossal Motor Muscles of the Tongue for speaking, chewing and swallowing Protrusion of the Tongue

124
Q

Which sensation stimulated by salts Location: Widely distributed on the tongue

A

Salty

125
Q

Functions to regulate the Composition of CSF also capable of removing wastes from the CSF is?

A

Ependymal Cells

126
Q

What contains both Sensory and Motor Nerve Fibers

A

Mixed Nerves

127
Q

Which area involves Gross touch, pain information such as the location?

A

Primary Areas

128
Q

______________ will activate Pain receptors!

A

Spicy Foods

129
Q

Process in which the brain projects the sensation back to the apparent source It allows a person to pinpoint the region of Stimulation This is called?

A

Projection

130
Q

Receptors that are widely distributed throughout the body Location: Skin, various organs and joints _________________?

A

General Senses

131
Q

A feeling that occurs when brain becomes aware of sensory impulse. ______________

A

Sensation

132
Q

Which taste sensation is stimulated by acids Location: Margins of the tongue

A

Sour

133
Q

Space that lies between the Bone and the Dura Mater is _______________?

A

Epidural Space

134
Q

What conducts Motor Impulses away from the Brain to Motor Neurons that reach Effectors?

A

Descending Tracts

135
Q

Hypothalamus regulates what?

A

Body Temperature Heart Rate/Blood Pressure Water and Electrolyte Balance Control of Hunger and Body Weight

136
Q

All Spinal Nerves except ___ participate in Dermatomes.

A

C1

137
Q

The __________ interprets Many Types of Sensory Information such as Pain, Touch, and Temperature.

A

Thalamus

138
Q

Transparent, biconvex, lies behind iris, elastic, held in place by suspensory ligaments of ciliary body; helps focus light rays, and changes shape for long-distance or close vision is called ____________.

A

Lens

139
Q

What conduct impulses to the Brain and Spinal Cord?

A

Sensory Nerves

140
Q

Which part of the ear is lined with Ceruminous Glands that produce a waxy substance?

A

External Acoustic Meatus (External Auditory Canal)

141
Q

Process of how Short-term Memory is converted to Long-term Memory is called?

A

Memory Consolidation

142
Q

Membranous Labyrinth is filled with ____________

A

Endolymph

143
Q

What stimulates the muscles of the arm and forearm to contract?

A

Brachial Plexus

144
Q

Largest part of the mature Brain Consists of two Cerebral Hemispheres is the ___________?

A

Cerebrum

145
Q

Swelling of the Membranous Labyrinth in each of the Semicircular Canals and it communicates with the Vestibule

A

Ampulla

146
Q

Reflexes whose Arcs pass through the Spinal Cord are called ___________________?

A

Spinal Reflexes

147
Q

What collects sounds waves?

A

Auricle/Pinna

148
Q

How many pairs of sacral nerves are there?

A

5

149
Q

Collects from lacrimal sac Empties tears into nasal cavity

A

Nasolacrimal duct

150
Q

Sensory speech area is other known as ____________

A

Wernicke’s Area

151
Q

Sensory Receptor that responds to moderate changes in temperature

A

Thermoreceptors

152
Q

What separates the Frontal Lobe from the Temporal Lobe?

A

Lateral Sulcus

153
Q

What conducts impulses to Muscles and Glands?

A

Motor Nerves

154
Q

Provide vision in bright light Produce color vision

A

Cones

155
Q

Adult spinal cord ends at the level between the _______________________.

A

1st and 2nd Lumbar Veterbra

156
Q

How many pairs of cervical nerves are there?

A

8

157
Q

Treelike pattern of white matter noted in a cross section of the Cerebellum is called the _____________?

A

Arbor Vitae

158
Q

Serves as a conduction path for impulses. _______

A

Pons

159
Q

(VI)

A

Abducens Primarily Motor Eye Movements

160
Q

Sensory areas are located where in the brain?

A

Parietal Lobes

161
Q

The narrow space beneath the Corpus Callosum?

A

Third Ventricle

162
Q

Spinal Nerve exits through the ________________.

A

Intervertebral Foramen

163
Q

Most nerves are ___________?

A

Mixed

164
Q

Which part of the ear vibrates in response to Sound Waves?

A

Tympanic Membrane

165
Q

Space that contains blood vessels, loose CT and a protective padding of Adipose Tissue is called _____________?

A

Epidural Space

166
Q

Inferiorly the Spinal Cord Terminates in a tapering cone-shaped structure called the ________________?

A

Conus Medullaris

167
Q

Functions to enables us to perceive, communicate, remember, understand, appreciate and initiate voluntary movements. ______________

A

Cerebral Cortex

168
Q

Neurotransmitters of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) include?

A

Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine

169
Q

Consists of Cranial and Spinal Nerve Fibers that connect the CNS to Skin and Skeletal Muscles. ____________

A

Somatic Nervous/ Voluntary Control

170
Q

An example of a Polysynaptic Reflex is __________? What does it employ?

A

Withdrawal Reflexes Involves more than one Spinal Cord segment

Test 1A (AP) (5 decks)

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