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Test 1A (AP) > TEST 2 > Flashcards

TEST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A group of closely associated Cells that work together to carry out a specific Function or group of Functions

A

Tissue

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2
Q

A tissue is classified by

A

size, shape and arrangement

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3
Q

Nonliving material that lies Between the cells and is produced by the cells
-Give body its strength to maintain shape

A

Intercellular Materials

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4
Q

Close space between cells by fusing cell membranes

Among cells that form linings, sheet-like layers such as found in the Blood-Brain Barrier

A

Tight Junctions

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5
Q

Form “spot welds” between cells; similar to Velcro & provides structural reinforcement

A

Desmosomes

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6
Q

Form tubular channels between cells and allows molecules to move between cells

A

Gap Junctions

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7
Q

Tissue that functions: Protection, Secretion, Absorption, Excretion

A

Epithelial

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8
Q

Tissues functions: Movement

A

Muscle

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9
Q

Covers all free body surfaces, inside and out

A

Epithelial Tissue

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10
Q

Location:
Air Sacs (alveoli) of the lungs where O2 and CO2 are exchanged
Walls of Capillaries, lines the insides of blood and lymph vessels
Covers the membranes that line body cavities

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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11
Q

Location:
Covers the Ovaries
Lines the Kidneys Tubules and Ducts of various Glands

A

Simple Cubodial Epithelium

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12
Q

Location: Lines the Uterus, Stomach and Intestines

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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13
Q

Location: Lines the passages of the Respiratory System

A

Psudedostratified Columnar Epithelium

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14
Q

Reticular Fibers are also produced by

A

Fibroblast

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15
Q

Release fluid products by Exocytosis: Release secretions without losing Cytoplasm

A

Meocrine Glands

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16
Q

Lose some of their Cytoplasm during secretion of their products

A

Apocrine Glands

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17
Q

Release entire Cells in their secretions

A

Holocrine Glands

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18
Q

Lines Ducts of Mammary, Sweat, and Salivary Glands, and the Pancreas

A

Stratified Cubodial Epithelium

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19
Q

Lipids are stored in

A

Adipoctyes

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20
Q

Adipoctyes are located in the _____

A

Dermis

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21
Q

Correct sequence of the strata in order.

A
  1. Stratum Corneum
  2. Stratum Lucidum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Spinosum
  5. Stratum Basale
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22
Q

Where are meloncytes located?

A

Stratum Basale

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23
Q

is a complex disk-shaped structure that is located on the surface of one cell that is matched to an identical structure on the surface of the adjacent cell________?

A

Desmosome

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24
Q

Layer of Dead cells and is only found in thick skin (Palms of hands & feet, lips)___?
Cells appear clear

A

Stratum Lucidum

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25
Q

Plays a Role in Temperature Regulation and is the outermost layer

A

Stratum Corneum

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26
Q

Ridges allow us to grip surfaces and walk upright and grasp objects are called ______

A

Dermal Papillae

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27
Q

Carry Impulses to Dermal Muscles and Glands causing them to react

A

Motor Fibers

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28
Q

Carry impulses away from specialized sensory Receptors of Skin

A

Sensory Fibers

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29
Q

Located deep in the Dermis

Stimulated by heavy Pressure

A

Pacinian (Lamellated) Corpuscles

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30
Q

Detect Light Touch

A

Meissner’s (Tactile) Corpuscles

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31
Q

Anchors the Skin to the underlying tissue and storage site for Nutrients (Lipids are stored in Adipocytes)

A

Hypodermis

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32
Q

What produces Goose Bumps _______?

A

Arrector Pili Muscle

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33
Q

Sebum is produced by ____

A

Sebaceous Glands

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34
Q

Type of Merocrine Gland that releases fluid products by Exocytosis (Respond to elevated body temperature)
Glands produce a thin, watery liquid (Sweat / Perspiration)

A

Eccrine Glands

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35
Q

Found all over the body, but are especially numerous on the Forehead, Upper Lip, Neck, Back, Palms and Soles

A

Eccrine (Sweat) Glands

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36
Q

Glands that lose some Cytoplasm during secretion

A

Apocrine Glands

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37
Q

Embedded in the Subcutaneous Tissue and their ducts open into Hair Follicles
Begin to function at Puberty under the influence of the Androgens

A

Apocrine (Sweat) Glands

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38
Q

Apocrine glands are found?

A

Axillary region (Armpits)

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39
Q

Bones are classified according to __________?

A

Shape

40
Q

The Shaft of the bone is called?

A

Diaphysis

41
Q

Tough vascular covering of fibrous tissue that completely covers the bone is called _____?

A

Periosteum

42
Q

The articulating surface is coated with a layer of Hyaline Cartilage called

A

Articular Cartilage

43
Q

Outer Layer/Composed of Dense Irregular CT

A

Fibrous Periosteum

44
Q

Inner Layer/Composed of specialized Osteoprogenitor Cells that can differentiate into Osteoblasts and these cells are involved in Bone Formation.

A

Osteogenic Layer

45
Q

Thin membrane containing bone-forming cells that lines the Medullary Cavity.

A

Endosteum

46
Q

Gives bone its strength and resilience (ability to return to its original shape)

A

Collagen

47
Q

Cells that are responsible for the production of new Bone Matrix

A

Osteoblasts

48
Q

When an Osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by Bone Matrix, it differentiates into an _________

A

Osteocyte

49
Q

Cells that function to break down the calcified Bone Matrix.

A

Osteoclasts

50
Q

Canals that connect each Lacuna to another Lacuna?

A

Canaliculi

51
Q

Bones that originate within sheet-like layers of Primitive CT is called?

A

Intramembranous Bone Formation

52
Q

Bones that begin as masses of Cartilage that are later replaced by Bone Tissue is called?

A

Endochondral Bone Formation

53
Q

What deposits Bony Matrix around themselves, forming Spongy Bone in all directions?

A

Osteoblasts

54
Q

The process of forming an Endochondral Bone by the replacement of Hyaline Cartilage is called?

A

Endochondral Ossification

55
Q

Which ossification center deposits Bony Matrix from the center towards the ends of the bone only?

A

Primary Ossification Center

56
Q

Which ossification center deposit Bony Matrix in all directions in the Epiphyses?

A

The Secondary Ossification Centers

57
Q

The first layer is composed of resting cells: Hyaline Cartilage without morphological changes is called?

A

Resting Zone

58
Q

Thin membrane containing bone-forming cells that lines the Medullary Cavity.

A

Endosteum

59
Q

Gives bone its strength and resilience (ability to return to its original shape)

A

Collagen

60
Q

Cells that are responsible for the production of new Bone Matrix

A

Osteoblasts

61
Q

When an Osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by Bone Matrix, it differentiates into an _________

A

Osteocyte

62
Q

Cells that function to break down the calcified Bone Matrix.

A

Osteoclasts

63
Q

Canals that connect each Lacuna to another Lacuna?

A

Canaliculi

64
Q

Bones that originate within sheet-like layers of Primitive CT is called?

A

Intramembranous Bone Formation

65
Q

Bones that begin as masses of Cartilage that are later replaced by Bone Tissue is called?

A

Endochondral Bone Formation

66
Q

What deposits Bony Matrix around themselves, forming Spongy Bone in all directions?

A

Osteoblasts

67
Q

The process of forming an Endochondral Bone by the replacement of Hyaline Cartilage is called?

A

Endochondral Ossification

68
Q

Which ossification center deposits Bony Matrix from the center towards the ends of the bone only?

A

Primary Ossification Center

69
Q

Which ossification center deposit Bony Matrix in all directions in the Epiphyses?

A

The Secondary Ossification Centers

70
Q

The first layer is composed of resting cells: Hyaline Cartilage without morphological changes is called?

A

Resting Zone

71
Q

The second layer contains rows of many young cells undergoing Mitosis.

A

Proliferative Zone

72
Q

The third layer is composed of older cells that were left behind when new cells appear is called?

A

Hypertrophic Cartilage Zone

73
Q

Layer is made up of dead cells and Calcified Intercellular substance. 4th layer.

A

Calcified Cartilage Zone

74
Q

Hormone that stimulates an increase in the number and activity of Osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells.

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

75
Q

Hormone released by the C Cells of the Thyroid Gland

Helps to maintain homeostatic levels of Calcium in the blood

A

Calcitonin

76
Q

Which hormone is secreted from the Pituitary Gland

Stimulates division of Cartilage Cells in the Epiphyseal Disks

A

Growth Hormone

77
Q

Bone to bone is called a _______?

A

Ligament

78
Q

Muscle to bone is called a ______?

A

Tendon

79
Q

(80 bones) that consists of the Head, Neck, and Trunk.

A

Axial Skeleton

80
Q

(126 Bones) that consists of the upper and lower limbs.

A

Appendicular Skeleton

81
Q

Synarthoric joins have what type of movement ____

A

Immovable; No movement

82
Q

Amphiarthrotic joins have what type of movement _____

A

Slight Movement

83
Q

Diarthrotic joints have what type of movement _____

A

Allows for Free Movement

84
Q

Dense CT holding them together; contains many collagenous fibers.
Lack a Joint Cavity

A

Fibrous Joints

85
Q

Hyaline and/or Fibrocartilage connects the bones.

Lack a Joint Cavity

A

Cartilaginous joints

86
Q

Allow free movement

Possess a Joint Cavity

A

Synovial Joints

87
Q

The 3 types of Fibrous Joints

A

Sutures
Gomphoses
Syndesmosis

88
Q

The 2 types of Cartilaginous Joints

A

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

89
Q

Joints between the Metacarpals and Phalanges are?

A

CondylarJoint

90
Q

Allow Sliding or back-and-forth motion and Twisting movements.
Wrist (Carpals) and Ankle (Tarsals),

A

Gliding Joints

91
Q

Elbow and the joints of the Phalanges are considered what type of joint.

A

Hinge Joint

92
Q

Movement is limited to Rotation around a central axis.
Examples:
The Atlas rotates around the Dens (process) of the Axis

A

Pivot Joint

93
Q

Permits a variety of Movements (Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction and Circumduction
Example: Thumb

A

Saddle Joint

94
Q

Function: It protects underlying cells from harmful environmental effects

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

95
Q

Fluid-Filled sacs

Cushion and aid the movement of tendons that glide over bony parts

A

Bursae

96
Q

Holds the bones of a Synovial Joint together

A

Joint Capsule

97
Q

Inner lining of the Urinary Bladder and the passageways of the Urinary System

A

Transitional Epithelium

Test 1A (AP) (5 decks)

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