Test 4 Flashcards
What was Reconstruction?
The rebuilding of the South: Restoring the Southern states to the Union
What is a Scalawag?
A southerner who supported Reconstruction policies
What is a Carpetbagger?
A northerner who moves into the South to take advantage of opportunity during Reconstruction
What ended Reconstruction? What was the deal?
The Compromise of 1877 ended the Reconstruction. Hayes was named President in return for the end of the Reconstruction in the South.
What ways did the South use to retain pre-Civil War culture?
Black Codes - restricted the activities of freed slaves; Licensing - kept freed slaves from working at anything but domestic and agricultural; Vigrancy Laws - made it easy to arrest African-Americans for doing nothing;Jim Crow Laws - segregation; Sharecropping and Tenant Farmers as well as Ku Klux Klan and pale faces (terrorist groups).
What happened at Promontory Point?
Two Railroad lines met (union pacific and central pacific) so in celebration of the movement, a golden spike was driven into the ground.
What was the Ghost Dance Movement?
It was the last effort of Natives to resist domination of the Whites. It combined Christianity and native culture. The Natives believed if they danced in special “bullet-proof” shirts that Jesus would return and the white man would disappear.
What happened at Little Big Horn?
The Sioux fought back at the Battle of the Little Big Horn (AKA Custer’s Last Stand). The 7th Cavalry was defeated in the Black Hills of South Dakota by a superior force of 2500 Indian Warriors. Custer and 264 men were wiped out.
What happened at Wounded Knee?
The Sioux’s medicine man Sitting Bull was killed during his arrest and this was followed by 200 Native American men, women and children being killed at Wounded Knee in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars.
Who was George A. Custer?
He was the military leader of the 7th Cavalry that was wiped out by the Sioux at the Battle of the Little Big Horn.
Who was Frederic Jackson Turner?
He was the historian that proclaimed that the frontier was gone in the “Frontier Thesis”
Who was Helen Hunt Jackson?
She wrote the book A Century of Dishonor which raised public awareness of the government’s long record of betraying and cheating the Natives.
Who was Sitting Bull?
He was the Sioux’s medicine man who was killed during his arrest.
What was the Dawes Severalty Act? American Indian Citizenship Act?
The Dawes Severalty Act gave tracts of land to natives on reservations and tried to “assimilate” them. American Indian Citizenship Act gave them citizenship.
What did the Homestead Act of 1863 do?
It encouraged farming by offering 160 acres of land to any family that settled for 5 years.
What were the “sodbusters”?
The first settlers on the dry and treeless plains often built their homes of sod bricks, giving them the name “sodbusters”
Who was L. Frank Baum?
The author of the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Who were the main characters in the story and what did they represent?
Dorothy - every man; Toto - happiness; Scarecrow - farmers; tin man- dehumanized industrial workers; Lion - William J Bryan; munchkins - industrial workers; wicked witch of the west- the environment; good witch of the north - The North/ US Government
What was the significance of the Yellow Brick Road and the silver slippers?
The Yellow Brick Road signified the Gold Standard and the silver slippers signified the Silver Issue.
What were the major issues for the Populists?
not self-sufficient; depression of the 1890s; difficult life/long hours; children have little schooling; no plumbing/electricity; isolation
Who gave the “Cross of Gold” speech?
William Jennings Bryan
Who was Oliver Kelly?
Oliver Kelly founded the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry in 1867. It was known as “the Grange”
Who was Boss Tweed? How was he portrayed in cartoons? Who drew the pictures?
Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall was the most famous political bosses. He was portrayed as a vulture, as being in charge of New York and of the ballot. Thomas Nast drew the cartoons.
How was Carnegie a Robber barons/Captains of Industry?
Andrew Carnegie was a robber baron or captain of industry because he was the owner of a large, efficient corporation (The Steel Plant of Homestead) that often used questionable business practices…Monopolies led to demands for government regulation.
Who first used the term “Gilded Age”?
Mark Twain
What good did the Boss System do? What were the negatives?
The Boss system took advantage of the immigrants who tended to settle in the poor inner-city populations. Greedy as well as generous; a lot was done with donations but loyalty/votes were expected in return.
Explain Gospel of Wealth and Social Darwinism. How are they connected? What should men like Rockefeller do with money?
The Gospel of Wealth promoted the idea of the protestant work ethic. It said that hard work and success were signs of God’s favor. The wealthy were to help the poor. Social Darwinism was based on Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution (survival of the fittest) The idea was that when wealth was concentrated in the hands of the “fit” that they would help the poor and do what was the best for the rest. These were the philosophies of the Gilded Age.
Who was Samuel Gompers?
He led the American Federation of Labor (leader of cigar makers union)
Who was Jane Addams?
She is best known for founding HULL HOUSE in Chicago, a settlement house dedicated to helping the urban poor.
How did immigration change in 1880?
After 1880 there was a shift in the origin of the immigration, they were coming from southern and eastern Europe like from Italy, Greece, Croatia, Poland, Russia, etc.
What was the “Cult of Domesticity”? Why couldn’t Lizzie Borden be guilty?
The Cult of Domesticity defined women’s role as in the “Sphere” of home and children. Lizzie Borden couldn’t be guilty because she was a woman and she was not physically capable of the brutality of the murder, she was a moral leader (Sunday School Teacher) and she was from the upper section of society.
