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Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What was Reconstruction?

A

The rebuilding of the South: Restoring the Southern states to the Union

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2
Q

What is a Scalawag?

A

A southerner who supported Reconstruction policies

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3
Q

What is a Carpetbagger?

A

A northerner who moves into the South to take advantage of opportunity during Reconstruction

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4
Q

What ended Reconstruction? What was the deal?

A

The Compromise of 1877 ended the Reconstruction. Hayes was named President in return for the end of the Reconstruction in the South.

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5
Q

What ways did the South use to retain pre-Civil War culture?

A

Black Codes - restricted the activities of freed slaves; Licensing - kept freed slaves from working at anything but domestic and agricultural; Vigrancy Laws - made it easy to arrest African-Americans for doing nothing;Jim Crow Laws - segregation; Sharecropping and Tenant Farmers as well as Ku Klux Klan and pale faces (terrorist groups).

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6
Q

What happened at Promontory Point?

A

Two Railroad lines met (union pacific and central pacific) so in celebration of the movement, a golden spike was driven into the ground.

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7
Q

What was the Ghost Dance Movement?

A

It was the last effort of Natives to resist domination of the Whites. It combined Christianity and native culture. The Natives believed if they danced in special “bullet-proof” shirts that Jesus would return and the white man would disappear.

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8
Q

What happened at Little Big Horn?

A

The Sioux fought back at the Battle of the Little Big Horn (AKA Custer’s Last Stand). The 7th Cavalry was defeated in the Black Hills of South Dakota by a superior force of 2500 Indian Warriors. Custer and 264 men were wiped out.

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9
Q

What happened at Wounded Knee?

A

The Sioux’s medicine man Sitting Bull was killed during his arrest and this was followed by 200 Native American men, women and children being killed at Wounded Knee in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars.

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10
Q

Who was George A. Custer?

A

He was the military leader of the 7th Cavalry that was wiped out by the Sioux at the Battle of the Little Big Horn.

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11
Q

Who was Frederic Jackson Turner?

A

He was the historian that proclaimed that the frontier was gone in the “Frontier Thesis”

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12
Q

Who was Helen Hunt Jackson?

A

She wrote the book A Century of Dishonor which raised public awareness of the government’s long record of betraying and cheating the Natives.

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13
Q

Who was Sitting Bull?

A

He was the Sioux’s medicine man who was killed during his arrest.

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14
Q

What was the Dawes Severalty Act? American Indian Citizenship Act?

A

The Dawes Severalty Act gave tracts of land to natives on reservations and tried to “assimilate” them. American Indian Citizenship Act gave them citizenship.

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15
Q

What did the Homestead Act of 1863 do?

A

It encouraged farming by offering 160 acres of land to any family that settled for 5 years.

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16
Q

What were the “sodbusters”?

A

The first settlers on the dry and treeless plains often built their homes of sod bricks, giving them the name “sodbusters”

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17
Q

Who was L. Frank Baum?

A

The author of the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

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18
Q

Who were the main characters in the story and what did they represent?

A

Dorothy - every man; Toto - happiness; Scarecrow - farmers; tin man- dehumanized industrial workers; Lion - William J Bryan; munchkins - industrial workers; wicked witch of the west- the environment; good witch of the north - The North/ US Government

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19
Q

What was the significance of the Yellow Brick Road and the silver slippers?

A

The Yellow Brick Road signified the Gold Standard and the silver slippers signified the Silver Issue.

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20
Q

What were the major issues for the Populists?

A

not self-sufficient; depression of the 1890s; difficult life/long hours; children have little schooling; no plumbing/electricity; isolation

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21
Q

Who gave the “Cross of Gold” speech?

A

William Jennings Bryan

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22
Q

Who was Oliver Kelly?

A

Oliver Kelly founded the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry in 1867. It was known as “the Grange”

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23
Q

Who was Boss Tweed? How was he portrayed in cartoons? Who drew the pictures?

A

Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall was the most famous political bosses. He was portrayed as a vulture, as being in charge of New York and of the ballot. Thomas Nast drew the cartoons.

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24
Q

How was Carnegie a Robber barons/Captains of Industry?

A

Andrew Carnegie was a robber baron or captain of industry because he was the owner of a large, efficient corporation (The Steel Plant of Homestead) that often used questionable business practices…Monopolies led to demands for government regulation.

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25
Who first used the term "Gilded Age"?
Mark Twain
26
What good did the Boss System do? What were the negatives?
The Boss system took advantage of the immigrants who tended to settle in the poor inner-city populations. Greedy as well as generous; a lot was done with donations but loyalty/votes were expected in return.
27
Explain Gospel of Wealth and Social Darwinism. How are they connected? What should men like Rockefeller do with money?
The Gospel of Wealth promoted the idea of the protestant work ethic. It said that hard work and success were signs of God's favor. The wealthy were to help the poor. Social Darwinism was based on Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution (survival of the fittest) The idea was that when wealth was concentrated in the hands of the "fit" that they would help the poor and do what was the best for the rest. These were the philosophies of the Gilded Age.
28
Who was Samuel Gompers?
He led the American Federation of Labor (leader of cigar makers union)
29
Who was Jane Addams?
She is best known for founding HULL HOUSE in Chicago, a settlement house dedicated to helping the urban poor.
30
How did immigration change in 1880?
After 1880 there was a shift in the origin of the immigration, they were coming from southern and eastern Europe like from Italy, Greece, Croatia, Poland, Russia, etc.
31
What was the "Cult of Domesticity"? Why couldn't Lizzie Borden be guilty?
The Cult of Domesticity defined women's role as in the "Sphere" of home and children. Lizzie Borden couldn't be guilty because she was a woman and she was not physically capable of the brutality of the murder, she was a moral leader (Sunday School Teacher) and she was from the upper section of society.
32
What happened at the Triangle Waistshirt Factory? Who was to blame?
There was a fire at Triangle Waistshirt Company in NYC and most thought it was the fault of the building/fire inspector.
33
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law in America history to exclude a group from America because of ethnic background.
34
What was the Interstate Commerce Act?
It prohibited unfair practices by railroads (ex: higher rates for shorter routes) A special regulatory commission was established First Time Congress stepped in to regulate business in America.
35
What was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
The purpose was to stop unfair practices that prevented fair competition. Marked a significant change in attitude of Congress toward the abuses of big business.
36
What was the Pendleton Act?
It created the Civil Service Commission which gave competitive exams and selected appointees based on merit.
37
What was the Progressive Movement?
It was the clean-up campaign not just of our nation and states but our hemisphere.
38
What was the Muckrakers?
Crusading journalists that started the trend for reform by investigating a gamete of political, economic, and social abuses.
39
Who wrote The Jungle? What did Roosevelt reading this book lead to?
Upton Sinclair. When Roosevelt read the book he "lost" his breakfast and then the Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act were soon passed.
40
What were the major social issues for the Progressives?
Prohibition and Women's Suffrage
41
What was the initiative?
Voters compel legislature to consider a bill
42
What was the referendum?
Citizens vote with ballot
43
What was the recall?
Remove Politician before term ends.
44
Who was Eugene V. Debs? Jacob Rils?
Eugene V. Debs was the socialist presidential candidate. Jacob Rils was a journalist and photographer working mainly in NYC. His book the Other Half Lives provided pictures that made the poverty and despair forced by immigrants living in NYC's Lower East side real for those who didn't usually see it.
45
Who was Carrie Nation?
Carrie Nation was one of the most famous female prohibitionists, wielding an axe at six feet tall and 180 pounds. She was a formidable force.
46
Who was Susan B. Anthony?
Susan B. Anthony led the Woman's Suffrage in the 1850s resulted in the passage of the 19th Amendment
47
Who was Frances Willard?
He was the founder of the Women's Christian Temperance Union who urged women to work on the local level to achieve the vote.
48
Who was Ida B. Wells?
African American Journalist and early leader in civil rights movements
49
What was jingoism?
Is an intense form of nationalism calling for aggressive foreign policy
50
What areas were added to the U.S. after the Spanish-American War?
The Treaty of Paris gives the U.S. Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines but official territories are Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico.
51
What questions arose as those areas were taken over?
Are these American citizens? Do they have constitutional protection? Do they get representation in Congress?
52
What was the Open Door Policy? How did it connect to the Progressive Movement?
It gave everyone their own "sphere of influence"
53
What was the Maine?
In 1898, The Maine explodes in Havana Harbor and Americans scream for justice! "Remember the Main to Hell with Spain"
54
What was the Yellow Press? Who were the paper owners?How did this connect to the Spanish-American War?
The era of the Yellow Press is the telling tales of atrocities in a newspaper war. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. The atrocities that were told in newspapers which alerted the U.S. and gave them the want to help Cuba.
55
What were the Teller Amendment and the Platt Amendment?
The Teller Amendment says that we have no intention in annexing Cuba! The Platt Amendment in Cuban Constitution gives us the right to interfere for their well being (we also got a naval base - Guatanamo Bay)
56
Who were Theodore Roosevelt and Black Jack Pershing and what groups did they lead?
Theodore Roosevelt becomes famous for leading the rough riders in a charge up San Juan Hill. John J "Black Jack" Pershing commanded 25% of troops (African-Americans) They were called the Smoked Yankees.
57
Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?
He led the resistance in the war we fought with the Philippines.
58
Who were Queen Liliukalani and Sandford B. Dole?
Queen Liliukalani was the queen of Hawaii that began the movement known as "Hawaii for Hawaiians" and was overthrown . Sandford Dole was the first governor/president that helped overthrow the queen.
59
Why was Alaska known as Seward's Folly?
Because of the Secretary of State that made negotiations with Russia, William H. Seward.
60
What was discovered in the Yukon in 1896?
Gold! The Klondike Gold Rush in 1896.
61
What was the Alfred Thayer Mahan's belief about the Navy?
He wrote the book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History and stressed the need for a strong navy.
62
What were the results of the Spanish-American War?
Theodore Roosevelt became popular; Republicans firmly in power; We dominate the Western Hemisphere; Europe has to deal with us as equals; U.S. major power in Asia
63
What began the Great War?
The war began in Europe with the assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary) in Sarajevo (Bosnia)
64
What were the causes of WWI? (-isms)
Nationalism,Imperialism, Militarism, Anarchism, Alliancism
65
How did America react to unrestricted submarine warfare?
We were outraged when more than 100 Americans died on the British passenger ship due to Germany's use of unrestricted submarine warfare.
66
What was the British passenger ship torpedoed by a German submarine?
The Lusitania
67
What proposed the alliance between Germany and Mexico?
The Zimmerman Telegram; a secret offer to Mexico by Germany (intercepted by British) promising to return all land lost to U.S. if they helped ( TX, AZ, NM)
68
What was Wilson's plan for peace after the war known as? What was it supposed to do?
Wilson's 14 points were part of his plan for "peace without victory"
69
What major country never signed the Versailles Treaty and never joined the League of Nations?
The United States
70
Who led the AEF (American Forces) in Europe?
General Pershing
71
13th Amendment
Freed the slaves
72
14th Amendment
Gave the freed slaves citizenship
73
15th Amendment
Gave the freed slaves the right to vote
74
16th Amendment
Established the Income Tax
75
17th Amendment
Direct Election of Senators
76
18th Amendment
Began Prohibition
77
19th Amendment
Women's Suffrage
78
21st Amendment
Ended Prohibition

US History (6 decks)

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