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Human Body > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The secretion of pituitary hormones is regulated by a part of the brain called the
______

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

________is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary and acts upon the thyroid gland

A

TSH

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3
Q

Most hormones are secreted by glands into the ___________in order to cause an effect upon a distant organ and/or gland

A

blood

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4
Q

This one hormone stimulates production of eggs in females and also stimulates sperm production in males by acting on the gonads

A

FSH

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5
Q

Prolactin stimulates:
a. Release of milk by the mammary glands through contraction of smooth muscle - b. Milk production by the mammary glands - c. Release of sex hormones by the female ovaries - d. The posterior pituitary to release its two hormones

A

b. milk production by the mammary glands

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6
Q

ACTH is released by _____

A

the anterior pituitary

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7
Q

Where does ACTH act? On what organ or gland?

A

the adrenal glands

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8
Q

The male sex hormone is primarily ________

A

testosterone

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9
Q
  1. True or False: The adrenal glands synthesize a very small component of all the sex hormones in a person
A

true

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10
Q

Name the hormone that signifies that a woman is pregnant

A

HCG

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11
Q

True or False: Lipid-soluble hormones cross the target cell membrane and activate receptors inside the cell.

A

true

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12
Q

__________is the foundation molecule upon which the steroid hormones are built

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are secreted by________

A

the adrenal medulla

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14
Q

Metabolic rate is regulated by T3 and T4, which are hormones secreted by the _______

A

thyroid glands

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15
Q

Protein or polypeptide hormones, like insulin, act on target cells primarily by

A

binding to cell

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16
Q

Glucagon is secreted by what gland?

A

the pancreas

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17
Q

What hormone acts IN OPPOSITION to glucagon?

A

insulin

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18
Q

sleep/wake cycles, or circadian rhythm, is largely influenced by this hormone

A

melatonin

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19
Q

Water balance in the body is regulated by this hormone, which is secreted by the posterior pituitary

A

vasopressin

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20
Q

True or False: Uterine contractions are mostly controlled by progesterone, only

A

false

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21
Q

The adrenal cortex has ________layers to it,each one making their own type of hormone

A

3

22
Q

__________promotes calcium deposition in the bones and therefore lowers blood calcium levels

A

calcitonin

23
Q

This gland is most active and largest in babies and young children

A

thymus

24
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands normally located?

A

attached to the back side of the thyroid gland

25
Q

ADH is also known as _____

A

vasopressin

26
Q

“Salt, sugar, sex’ refer to the layers of_____

A

the adrenal cortex

27
Q

Acromegaly and gigantism are disorders due to overproduction of _____

A

growth hormone

28
Q

Which female hormone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and maintains that pregnancy?

A

progesterone

29
Q

What is the other gland function of the pancreas, or an exocrine (instead of endocrine) function?(We talked about this)

A

secretes digestive enzymes

30
Q

Around day 14 or day 15 of a healthy woman’s menstrual cycle, what normally happens?

A

ovulation

31
Q

Which gland is the ‘Master’ gland of the Endocrine System?

A

hypothalamus

32
Q

This male gland (2 of them) is found at the back of the bladder, and connects with the vas deferens in order to add secretions to form semen

A

seminal vesicles

33
Q

Sperm develop in the testicles, and mature in the

A

epididymis

34
Q

True or False: Regular hot tube use can decrease sperm production

A

true

35
Q

For fertilization of a female egg, the _____________must receive the penis during sexual intercourse

A

vagina

36
Q

The sex cells produced by the gonads are also called the

A

gametes

37
Q

True or False: Males can ejaculate sperm normally through a separate tube system from where urine flows

A

false

38
Q

The total number of chromosomes found in diploid cells (somatic cells of the human body)is ____

A

46

39
Q

________________serves a dual(two-part) role in the male.

A

prostate gland

40
Q

Semen is mostly composed of _____

A

sugar and secretions

41
Q

The stage in a woman’s life around 45-55 years when she can no longer produce eggs and have children is called

A

menopause

42
Q

True or False: The withdrawal method of birth control is extremely reliable

A

false

43
Q

______are the very large, finger-like extensions of the fallopian tubes that help carry the ovulated egg down into the fallopian tubes

A

fimbriae

44
Q

This large layer of the uterus is made up of smooth muscle

A

myometrium

45
Q

Many untreated or badly treated _______________can cause scarring and possible infertility for that male or female

A

STIs or STDs

46
Q

The ______________are lip-like folds of the female perineum that contain pubic hair, glands,and fat

A

labia majora

47
Q

True or False: Without the ovaries the uterus could not cycle or change at all.

A

true

48
Q

The first 14 days of a female’s ovarian cycle is termed the

A

follicular phase

49
Q

Gonorrhea and syphilis are both caused by _____

A

bacteria

50
Q

True or False: When a person becomes infected by herpes or another STD virus, the virus tends to remain with that person throughout their life.

A

true

51
Q

FSH and LH are secreted by the ________

A

anterior pituitary

Human Body (4 decks)

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