test 4 Flashcards
helps a child shift from the dependency of infancy to the independence of later childhood
Transitional Object
physical skills that involve small muscles and eye-hand coordination
fine motor skills
the preference for using one particular hand
handedness
the condition where the basic needs of a child such as food or safety are not being met
physical neglect
an action taken to endanger a child involving potential injury to the body
physical abuse
the failure to meet a child’s basic bodily needs (food, clothing, medical care, protection, supervision)
neglect
the failure to give a child emotional support, love and affection
emotional neglect
frightening dreams
nightmares
repeated urination in clothing or bed
enuresis
waking up from a deep sleep with no recall after
night terrors
Piaget’s stage from 2-7 years old
pre-operational
the tendency to attribute life to objects that are not living
animism
the process where a child absorbs the meaning of a new word after hearing it once or twice
fast mapping
talking aloud to oneself with no intent to communicate with others
private speech
the ability to use mental representations (words) to which a child has attached meaning
symbolic function
leads the child to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others, leading to illogical conclusions
centration
the awareness that two objects are equal according to a certain measure remain equal in the face of perceptual alteration (two are the same, just organized differently)
conservation
a limitation of preoperational thinking, consisting of failure to understand that an operation can go in two or more directions
irreversibility
long-term memory of specific experiences or events
episodic memory
the image a person has about their self
self-image
Erikson’s 3rd crisis, where children must balance the urge to pursue goals, but the possibility they might not be successful
initiative vs. guilt
parenting style which emphasizes control and obedience
authoritarian
parenting style that emphasizes self-expression and self-regulation
permissive
parenting that blends respect for a child’s individuality with an effort to instill social values
authoritative
behavior to help others without external reward
altruism
used as an instrument in achieving a goal
instrumental aggression
behavior intended to hurt another person
hostile aggression
a form of coercive parenting in which physical force is used in an attempt or control the child’s behavior
corporal punishment