Child Development theorists Flashcards
5 perspectives on child development
psychoanalytic, learning, cognitive, contextual, evolutionary
Maturational Theory
Genetic, programmed to work a certain way
psychoanalytic and psychosocial theory
environment influences social-emotional development
cognitive-developmental theory
genetically based, 4 stages of development
behaviorism
which a mental link is formed between two events
essential needs theory
Maslow’s hierarch of needs
Bandura
social learning theory
Kolhberg
moral development, pre-conventional and so on
Bronfenbrenner
Ecological model (micro meso etc)
Physical Domain
can’t be hurried and influences development in other domains: how someone grows physically, physical actions they can take
Motor Domain
how one moves, fine motor skills; clephocaudal (head to toe) and proximodistal (central to extremities); refining motor skills, mostly involuntary at first in the child’s life
Perceptual Domain
multisensory info from senses, habituation, focus on specific sensory info, sensory integration, as well as acting on senses.
Cognitive Domain
way your mind interacts with all these domains as well as the way one thinks and how the brain responds to various stimuli and thoughts.
Speech and Language Domain
receptive language develops first (crying or making sounds to receive something), then expressive language develops second (using language and words to express feelings and desires, as well as more logical thoughts.
Social and Emotional Domain
fostered through healthy relationships as the child grows older and older, trust, security, as well as learning about social roles.
Moral Domain
a child’s knowledge of what is right vs wrong, how they treat others with respect and kindness as they grow up and become more involved in social scenarios, such as schools or daycare, siblings, etc.
10 things every child needs
Interaction
Touch
Self-esteem
Stable Relationships
Healthy and Safe Environment
Quality Child Care
Communication
Play
Reading/Literacy
Music
proximity maintenance (bowlby)
the desire to be near the people we are attached to,
secure base (bowlby)
involves the attachment figure providing a secure base from which the child can explore the world
safe haven (bowlby)
the ability to return to the attachment figure for comfort and safety when faced with fear or threat
physical development
includes growth of the body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health.
cognitive development
includes learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
psychosocial development
includes emotions, personality, and social relationships.
maturation
unfolding of a universal, natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns. It acts in concert with the influences of hereditary and the environment.
normative influences
are biological or environmental events that affect many or most people in a society in similar ways.
Imprinting
instinctive form of learning thought to be automatic and irreversible, such as when an animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees.
critical period
a specific time when a given event, or its absence, has a profound and specific impact on development
plasticity
is the modifiability of performance seen in many aspects of development.
sensitive periods
are times in development when a developing person is especially responsive to certain kinds of experiences.
Freud’s stages
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Erikson’s psychosocial approach stages
each had a “crisis” in identity
learning perspective
development comes through learning and experiences in an environment
operant conditioning
type of learning based on an association of behavior with its consequences.
contextual perspective
development can only be understood in the social context
psychoanalytic perspective
unconcious, universal. biology drives development
evolutionary perspective
evolutionary and biological bases of behavior
