Test 4 Flashcards
Industrialization
Late start
State sponsored
A constitution that created the duma
October manifesto
A legeslative
Assembly
Russian that Was a mistake priest and was known for his drunkenness and immorality ; was shot but died by drowning
Rasputin
Breaking point for Zara’s Russia
March revolution
Grew up in a middle class household; was a big fan of Marx
V.I Lenin
N/A
Vanguard elite
Bolshevik’s
Bullets
Ballots
Mensheviks
Was Jewish; was arrested several time; the right hand man of Lennon
Leon Trotsky
Going to seize rail ray station especially in Petrograd
October Revolution
Purpose was to ,are a worldwide socialist revolution
Third international
Wealthy peasant farmers
Kulaks
the treaty imposed on
Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the
Germans
Treaty of Versailles
Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe
The lost generation
all power lies in the hands of one for the good of all
Fascism
Government controls all aspects of public and private life
state > individual
Totalitarianism
Tenents of fascism
Revolutionary nationalism
Totalitarianism
Crony
capitalism
Government control but not ownership
Crony capitalism
Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935),joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when Allie’s invade Italy
Benito Mussolini
armed wing of Mussolini’s fascist party; intimidate and suppress any political opposition
Black shirts
Mussolini and army of fascists Black Shirts marched on Rome and demanded the resignation of the existing government. The king was compelled to place Mussolini as the dictator for a year, meaning he had achieved his high status and position “legally”.
March on Rome
Results of Versailles for Germany
Hyperinflation humiliation
Also known as the Nazi party; led by Adolf Hitler in Germany; picked up 4 I political support during the economic chaos of the Great Depression;
advocated authoritarian state under a single leader, aggressive foreign
policy to reverse humiliation of the Versailles treaty; took power in
Germany in 1933.
National socialist party
name given to Nazi thugs who violently silenced anyone opposed to Hitler’s ways; also called storm troopers
militant wing of the Nazi part; also called SA and stormtroopers
Brown shirts
Nazi’s failed attempt to overthrow the Weimar republic
Beer hall Putsch
Influential book Written by Adolf Hitter describing his life and ideology. 4 I means “My struggle”
Mein Kampf
Germany’s young men and women who joined the Nazi political party and I pledged their allegiance to Germany and Adolf Hitler. The Hitler Youth organization “brainwashed” the children and convinced them of German superiority.
Hitler youth
February, 1933; the Reichstag was set on Fire by a secret order of Joesef A Goebbels; called a communist plot; Hitler convinced president Hindenburg to suspend all civil rights for Communists, socialists, liberals, and trade unionists
Reichstag fire
it enabled Hitler to pass laws without the Reichstag’s approval
Enabling act
Hitler’s title as leader of Nazi Germany
Der furher
The Third Republic of Germany which began Hitler’s rule in 1933 and ended with his defeat in 1945
Third reich
Growing Militarism in Japan, based on:
racial superiority
Natural Resources
A northern industrial province in China, invaded by the Japanese in 1931.From here the Japanese would launch an invasion of mainland China beginning in 1937.
Manchuria
A clash between Japanese and Chinese troops in the outskirts of Being on I July 7, 1937. The Japanese government used this as an excuse to occupy Beijing. When Chiang Kai Shek refused to give way, full-scale war broke out between China and Japan.
Marco Polo bridge incident
In 1937, Japanese soldiers killed at least 300,000 Chinese civilians after 4 I invading the capital.
Massacre at Nanjing
a group of American volunteer fighter pilots helped keep supply lines open in China; opposed Japanese invasion of China; Keep the Burma road open
Flying tiger
In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war. The Soviet Union provided arms and advisers to the government forces while Germany and Italy sent tanks, airplanes, and soldiers to help Franco.
nationalist won
Spanish civil war
Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled I as a dictator until his death (1892-1975).
Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution, helped by Hitler and Mussolini
Francisco Franco
Hatred - Fear of the Jews
Racial superiority - Volk
He declared himself a nationalist not a patriot
Roles of Hitler
the attempt to bring about a state of peace
Appeasement
Mussolini thought he could solve economic problems through economic 1 I expansion so he started fight with Ethiopia. League declared economic sanctions but no one enforced because they didn’t want war and their economies were bad. Ethiopia couldn’t resist so became a part of the Italian Empire.
Italy in Ethiopia
region in Germany designated a demilitarized zone by the Treaty of 4 I Versailles; Hitler violated the treaty and sent German troops there in 1936
Rhineland
(1936) agreement signed between Germany and Japan in which they established their opposition to the Comintern, a Soviet-sponsored international organization aimed at spreading communism
Anti-Comitern pact
The three countries of Italy, Germany, and Japan allied together
Rome-Berlin Tokyo Axis
“Lighting war”, typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939
Blitzkrieg
armored column supported by airplanes used in blitzkrieg, each division 4 I was a strike force of about 300 tanks, forces, and supplies
Panzer division
Austria’s forced union with Germany
first act of territorial expansion by Germany
Anschluss
1939 Hitler occupies Czechoslovakia and violates Munich Agreement.
Czechoslovakia
an area in western Czechoslovakia that was coveted by Hitler
Sudeten
Agreement between Germany and Great Britain in which Hitler is given the A Sudetenland in return for agreeing not to take any more territory.
Munich agreement
soviet union will not interfere when Germany invades Poland
Nazi Soviet pact
created appearance of Polish aggression, planned by Nazi Germany to justify invasion of Poland
Operation himmler
Where was blitzkrieg first used?
Poland
Sep. 1, 1939
Germany invades poland
England + France declare war on Germany
Sep 3, 1939
Mass execution of 22,000 Polish people carried out by the Soviet secret 4 police in 1940.
Katyn Forest Massacre
“Phony War” with Hitter in 1939-1940 where Hitler prepared for his attack
Sitzkrieg
head of the Nazi puppet government in Norway
Vidkun Quisling
Line of defense built by France to protect against German invasion.Stretched from Belgium to Switzerland.
The Maginot Line
the forest located to the north of the Maginot Line through which the Germans sent the main attack force of 10 Panzer tank divisions, or 3000 tanks, to launch their invasion of France
Ardennes forest
Retreating British soldiers were trapped between the advancing Nazis and I the English Channel. The British sent all available naval, merchant and even civilian ships across the channel and ferried 300,000 soldiers back to Britain.
Miracle of dunkirk
French politician and statesman who, as Prime Minister in June 1940,
unsuccessfully attempted to save France from German occupation in WWII
Paul Reynaud
French general and statesman who became very popular during World 4 I War Il as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970)
Charles de Gaulle
This movement was organized by Charles de Gaulle. These military forces 1 I battled the Nazis to regain control of France until France was liberated in 1944.
Free French movement
This aging leader of France accepted defeat to the Germans, which allowed him to keep a very small portion of the south of France to himself under the puppet government of Vichy France
Marshal petain
The new government in France under German control. The regime promoted anti-Semitism, fear of foreigners, and promoted the ideals of Nazism among French sympathizers. The division of the government following victory of the Allies led to future quarrels in French government for decades later.
Vichy regime
Germany’s plan to invade Great Britain in 1940. It consisted first of taking 4 I air superiority and then launching an amphibious invasion. However, it failed because German air superiority could never be established.
Operation Sea Lion/ Battle of Britain
A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War I § and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.
Winston Churchill
the British term for the German air raids on British cities and towns during World War Il
The blitz
Mussolini’s last major success
Albania
Did Italy conquer Greece
No
German field marshal noted for brilliant generalship in North Africa during I
World War I (1891-1944)
German general who served Hitler
March 1941, his tank force called “Afrika Korps” surprise attacked British forces in North Africa
British were driven back to Libya and fought fiercely for Tobruk, Libya
Erwin Rommel,dessert fox
The forces Hitler sent to Africa under command of General Erwin Rommel 4 I to regain German lands there. Specifically Libya.
Africa korps
Hitters biggest goal
Russia
Hitler invades the Soviet Union
June 22,1941
Codename for Nazi Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.
Operation barbosa
prolonged war where each side seek to gradually war out each other
War of attrition
How many Americans opposed going to war against Germany?
90%
President can sell supplies to “essential” nations
Lend-lease act
was a Wickes-class destroyer in the US Navy, she became the first US Navy ship to fire on a German ship, 3 months before the US officially entered WWII, sept 1941
USS Greer
This US Navy destroyer was the first United States Navy ship sunk by hostile action in World War II.
Rueben James
Japan bombed a American gunboat that was trying to help Americans overseas. This greatly strained U.S-Japanese relations and pushed the U.S further away from isolationism even though Japan apologized.
Panay incident
response to Japanese expansion into SE Asia and the Pacific, President 4 I Roosevelt banned all oil sales to Japan, motivating Japan to launch it’s attach on Pearl Harbor. Many interpret this as a deliberate provocation for war by the US.
lead to an preemptive strike against the us at Pearl Harbor
Oil embargo
Goal: destroy US Pacific fleet so Japan can continue expansion
Attack of Pearl Harbor
Japan launched a surprise attack against the U.S at pear harbor. The U.S then entered the war.
Pearl Harbor
Was the attack on Pearl Harbor succesful?
Success no They did not destroy
Fuel
Repair yard
carriers
December 8, 1941
US enters war
Life on Homefront
Increased industrialization
Propaganda
Rationing/Victory Gardens
Referred to America’s Ability to supply its European allies with war supplies prior to the U.S. entry into WWII.
Arsenal of democracy
US strategy during WWII
Kill Germany first
Germany’s naval attempt to cut off British supply ships by using u-boats. Caused Britain and the US to officially join the war after their ships were sunk. After this battle, the Allies won control of the seas, allowing them to control supply transfer, which ultimately determined the war. 1939-1945
largest and continuous military campaign during the war
Battle of the Atlantic
vessel destroyed near the shores of Jacksonville beach during WWII
U.S.S gulf America
In the summer of 1942, German submarines put saboteurs ashore on American beaches. Normandy. Anzio. Guadalcanal. Okinawa. In the midst of World War Il, two German submarines actually put men ashore at both of those locations. The invaders did not arrive with the intent of seizing and occupying territory, however. Their mission was sabotage. Their targets were some of the crown jewels of America’s industrial might: major hydroelectric plants, important aluminum factories, critical railroad tracks, bridges and canals–and the water supply system of New York City. Well-trained and well-supplied, the saboteurs had good reason to be confident, but in the end they failed utterly. How and why that happened is a fascinating tale, partly because of what it reveals about the character of the two warring nations.
Operation pasto
Codename for allied invasion of North Africa from November 1942 to
September 1943
first amphibious attack by the allies; Allied victory
Operation Torch
collapse of the fascist regime and of Mussolini
Invasion of Sicily
the plan to fool Hitler on the landing point of the Allied armies as they came into Italy to work their way up to Germany. They took a dead body form a funeral home and dressed him up like a British Major. They gave him the name of William Martin. They put a coded message on him that said,
“He might bring Sardines with him.” Hitler was sure this meant the Allies were coming from N. Africa through Sardinia. He moved troops to that location, but the Allied troops came in by way of the island of Sicily. The plan worked to perfection. Later a movie was made about this “man who never was.”
Operation mincemeat
T/F The US captures Monte casino and rome
T
Japanese and Japanese Americans from the West Coast of the United States during WWII. While approximately 10,000 were able to relocate to other parts of the country of their own choosing, the remainder-roughly 110,000 me, women and children-were sent to hastly constructed camps called “War Relocation Centers” in remote portions of the nation’s interior.
Japanese internment
created exclusionary zone and restricted certain people from those zone
Executive order 9066
