HI 102 Test Flashcards
Protestant work ethics
Work is noble
Agriculturalist who developed the four field crop rotation system
Charles turnip townshend
English inventor advocated the use of horses instead of oxen.
Developed the seed drill and selective breeding.
Musician and farmer
Jethro Tull
American blacksmith that was responsible for inventing the steel plow. This new plow was much stronger than the old iron version;
therefore, it made plowing farmland in the west easier, making expansion faster.
John Deere
easily cut through the hard packed sod of the prairies.
plow that tipped the prairies
Steel-tipped plow
Irish-American inventor that
developed the mechanical reaper.
The reaper replaced scythes as the preferred method of cutting crops for harvest, and it was much more efficient and much quicker.
The invention helped the agricultural growth of America.
Cyrus McCormick
Machine invented by Cyrus
McCormick that could harvest wheat quickly
Mechanical reaper
resulted in more efficient agriculture practices, producing higher crops
Mechanical reaper
what happens to the number of farmers?
Decreases
A device used to make thread by spinning fibers together through the use of a big wheel.
bridge the gap between manual methods and industrial methods
Spinning wheel
The 18th century privatization of common lands in England, which contributed to the increase in
population and the rise of industrialization.
Enclosure movement
A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building
This new system gradually replaced localized cottage industry. Workers were paid by the hour instead of for what they produce. On one hand it decreased the need for skilled labor, but in other ways it increased the amount of specialization due to labor being concentrated in factories.
Factory system
Textile industry that would be the first to modernize
Cotton
Invented the flying shuttle
John Kay
was developed by John Kay, its invention was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution, enabled the weaver of a loom to throw the shuttle back and forth between the threads with one hand
Improves the wheating process
Flying shuttle
invented the spinning jenny
James Hargreaves
A machine that could spin several threads at once
Enabled the mass production of yarn
Spinning Jenny
English inventor and entrepreneur who became the wealthiest and most successful textile
manufacturer of the first Industrial Revolution. He invented the water frame, a machine that, with minimal human supervision, could spin several threads at once.
Water powered spinning frame
Richard Arkwright
invented the spinning mule
Samuel crompton
In 1779, Samuel Crompton combined the spinning jenny and the water frame to create a machine which produced a thread which was stronger, finer and more consistent
Spinning mule
Revolutionized planting by drilling a hole in soil, dropping seeds in, and covering the seeds. First agriculture machine with moving parts
Jethro tulls seed drill
resulted in more efficient
agriculture practices, producing higher crops
Technological invention
Invented the power loom
Edmund Cartwright
a loom operated mechanically, run by water putting the loom side by side with the spinning machines in factories, changed workers job from running it to watching it, Invented in 1787, invented by Edward Cartwright, it speeded up the production of textiles
Power loom
Invented the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
Cotton gin
a simple bladeless radial steam turbine which spins when the central water container is heated
Aeolipile
1705 invented steam engine that used coal, very inefficient.
developed a steam engine powered by coal to pump water out of mines
first practical steam engine
Thomas Newcomen
Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819).
James watt
Improved steam engine
Practical steam engine
Invented a way in which iron could be transformed into steel in the 1850’s.
Bessemer Process
Henry Bessemer and William Kelly
Invented the miners safety lamp
Sir Humphry Davy
The most important invention for the safety coal miners
Miners safety lamp
