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Biology > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The nitrogenous bases found in DNA are called?

A

Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine

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1
Q

Nucleus acids are made up of subunits called…

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

The nitrogenous bases found in RNA are called what?

A

Uracil
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine

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3
Q

A nucleotide is made up of what?

A

A sugar
A phosphate
A nitrogenous base

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4
Q

In the pairing of the nitrogenous bases of DNA guanine pairs only with what?

A

Cytosine

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5
Q

In the pairing of the nitrogenous bases of DNA, adenine pairs only with what?

A

Thymine

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6
Q

The process by which DNA duplicates itself is called what?

A

Replication

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7
Q

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determine directly by the sequence of bases in what?

A

mRNA (codon)

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8
Q

The number of strands in a RNA molecule is generally what?

A

One

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9
Q

Ribosomes are made up of what?

A

rRNA and protein

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10
Q

The type of RNA the carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome is called what?

A

tRNA

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11
Q

Peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids at the ribosomes by what?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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12
Q

A triplet of bases that codes for a particular amino acid is called what?

A

A codon

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13
Q

The sugar deoxyribose is found in the nucleic acid called what?

A

DNA

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14
Q

The sugar ribose is found in the nucleic acid called what?

A

RNA

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15
Q

The addition, removal, or substitution of nitrogenous bases in DNA May cause a gene _________

A

Mutation

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16
Q

The type of RNA found in the ribosomes is called what?

A

rRNA

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17
Q

In the synthesis of mRNA the number of strand of DNA that act a a template for the mRNA is ____

A

One

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18
Q

Of the nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids two are what?

A

Purines

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19
Q

Of the nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids three are what?

A

Pyrimidines

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20
Q

The transfer of DNA from one type of bacterium to another virus is called what?

A

Translocation

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21
Q

The portion of the virus that actually enters the host cell is the ______

A

DNA

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22
Q

mRNA is synthesized at the_______

A

Nucleolus

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23
Q

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA is ___________________

A

Complementary to the template strand of DNA on which is forms

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24
Q

The hereditary info in DNA is encoded in the sequence of _____

A

Nitrogenous bases

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25
Q

The process where the hereditary info of DNA is encoded into mRNA is called ______

A

Transcription

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26
Q

Amino acids are brought to the site of protein synthesis by what?

A

tRNA

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27
Q

In a double-stranded molecule of DNA, complementary base pairs are linked together by what?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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28
Q

What cell organelle is not thought to contain its own genes?

A

Ribosomes

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29
Q

A gene that interrupts the normal functioning of life processes and results in death is called what?

A

Lethal gene

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30
Q

In fruit flies, black body color and normal wings are frequently inherited together. From this, one might conclude that the genes for these two traits are _________

A

Located on the same chromosome

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31
Q

The genetic code for an amino acid involves a sequence of how many nucleotides?

A

Three

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32
Q 
Which of the following is not true of RNA?
 It is single-stranded
 It consist as of nucleotide units
 It contains sugar ribose 
 The amount of c equals the amount of g
A

The amount of c equals the amount of g

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33
Q

In replication of DNA what happens?

A

Both strands act as templates

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34
Q

In the synthesis of mRNA what happens?

A

Only one strand of DNA acts as a template

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35
Q

The sequence of nucleotides in ribosomal and tRNA is determined by what?

A

DNA of the nucleus

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36
Q

Which of the following is not a structural difference between DNA and RNA?

  • DNA has 2 strands, RNA has 1
  • DNA contains t, RNA contains u
  • DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose
  • DNA strands are short, RNA strands are long
A

DNA strands are short RNA strands are long

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37
Q

Which of the following is not true of tRNA?

  • there is a different tRNA for each kind of amino acid
  • tRNA is found in the cell cytoplasm
  • tRNA carries nucleotides to the ribosomes
  • tRNA is involved in protein synthesis
A

there is a different tRNA for each kind of amino acid

38
Q

What part of the protein synthesis process is the nucleus part of?

A

Transcription

39
Q

Describe transcription process in protein synthesis

A

DNA unzips and mRNA bonds to template and forms a codon

40
Q

What part of the protein synthesis process is the ribosome part of?

A

Translation

41
Q

Describe translation process in protein synthesis that the ribosome is involved in

A

Codon goes to rRNA and the codon points out to tRNA

42
Q

Nucleotide

A

Made up of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Building blocks of nucleic acids

43
Q

Double helix

A

2 DNA structures in a twist formation

44
Q

Transcription

A

Copying of a DNA template

45
Q

Polypeptide

A

A chain of amino acids. It is important because protein is made of amino acids

46
Q

Codon

A

Codes for amino acids and mRNA

47
Q

Amino acid

A

Monomer for proteins

48
Q

Protein synthesis

A

When Biological cells generate new proteins

49
Q

Purine

A

A compound with basic properties

50
Q

Monomer

A

A compound that can be combined with other compounds to make a polymer

51
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Electromagnetic attractive interaction between polar molecules

52
Q

Nucleolus

A

Contains RNA and proteins

53
Q

DNA

A

Stores and transmits genetic info

54
Q

Mutation

A

Change in the genetic material of the cell

55
Q

Transformation

A

Where genetic material is added to DNA

56
Q

mRNA

A

Brings the genetic info from the DNA to the ribosomes

57
Q

tRNA

A

Carries amino acids to the ribosomes

58
Q

Replication

A

The process of the cell duplicating its DNA

59
Q

Anticodon

A

A chain of amino acids

60
Q

Polymer

A

Compound formed by many monomers

61
Q

Triplet

A

Series of 3 bases that make up RNA

62
Q

Ribosome

A

Makes proteins

63
Q

Template

A

A structure that can cause the patterning of a second structure

64
Q

RNA

A

The process where proteins are made from amino acids

65
Q

Name 10 things that DNA includes

A
  • Deoxyribose sugar
  • 2 strands of nucleotides
  • Replication
  • Makes up chromosomes
  • No three strands are the same
  • One type
  • contains thymine
  • Contains hereditary info
  • Forms template for protein synthesis
66
Q

Name 10 things that RNA includes

A
  • Ribose sugar
  • 1 strand
  • does not replicate
  • key to protein synthesis
  • transcription in nucleus, translation on rRNA
  • 3 types m, t, and r
  • thymine is replaced by uracil
  • codes for amino acids
  • picks up message and delivers it to rRNA
  • triplet form
67
Q

Herba

A

Grass, plants

68
Q

Heteros

A

Different

69
Q

Homo

A

Man

70
Q

Homos, homeos

A

Same

71
Q

Hydro, hudor

A

Water

72
Q

Intra

A

Into, within

73
Q

Itis

A

Disease, inflammation

74
Q

Reducing atmosphere

A

The ability to produce 20 amino acids

75
Q

Deoxyribose

A

Sugar found in DNA

76
Q

Muton

A

Smallest segment of DNA in which mutation may occur

77
Q

Cistron

A

Smallest segment if DNA needed for synthesis of protein

78
Q

Transduction

A

Transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another by a virus

79
Q

Uracil

A

Pairs with adenine

80
Q

Oparin’s hypothesis

A

Russian scientist in 1937 discovered reducing atmosphere

81
Q

Urey miller experiment

A

Expanded the thought of what was present on early earth

82
Q

James Watson

A

American biologist

83
Q

Francis Crick

A

British physicist

84
Q

Rosalind Franlin

A

British scientist

85
Q

Chargaff’s rule

A

That in any sample of DNA, the # of adenine molecules was equal to the # of thymine molecules

86
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A

Polymer formed molecules

87
Q

What is the monomer of DNA and what is the structure

A

Nucleotides made of 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

88
Q

rRNA

A

Synthesizes proteins

89
Q

Translation

A

Decoding of mRNA into a poly peptide chain

90
Q

Bacterial transformation

A

When dead, smooth cells and rough cells are mixed

91
Q

Replication

A

Duplication of chromosomes

92
Q

Cytoplasm helps with what part of protein synthesis

A

Translation: where tRNA picks up amino acids

Biology (6 decks)

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