Test 4 Flashcards
The nitrogenous bases found in DNA are called?
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Nucleus acids are made up of subunits called…
Nucleotides
The nitrogenous bases found in RNA are called what?
Uracil
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
A nucleotide is made up of what?
A sugar
A phosphate
A nitrogenous base
In the pairing of the nitrogenous bases of DNA guanine pairs only with what?
Cytosine
In the pairing of the nitrogenous bases of DNA, adenine pairs only with what?
Thymine
The process by which DNA duplicates itself is called what?
Replication
The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determine directly by the sequence of bases in what?
mRNA (codon)
The number of strands in a RNA molecule is generally what?
One
Ribosomes are made up of what?
rRNA and protein
The type of RNA the carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome is called what?
tRNA
Peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids at the ribosomes by what?
Dehydration synthesis
A triplet of bases that codes for a particular amino acid is called what?
A codon
The sugar deoxyribose is found in the nucleic acid called what?
DNA
The sugar ribose is found in the nucleic acid called what?
RNA
The addition, removal, or substitution of nitrogenous bases in DNA May cause a gene _________
Mutation
The type of RNA found in the ribosomes is called what?
rRNA
In the synthesis of mRNA the number of strand of DNA that act a a template for the mRNA is ____
One
Of the nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids two are what?
Purines
Of the nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids three are what?
Pyrimidines
The transfer of DNA from one type of bacterium to another virus is called what?
Translocation
The portion of the virus that actually enters the host cell is the ______
DNA
mRNA is synthesized at the_______
Nucleolus
The sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA is ___________________
Complementary to the template strand of DNA on which is forms
The hereditary info in DNA is encoded in the sequence of _____
Nitrogenous bases
The process where the hereditary info of DNA is encoded into mRNA is called ______
Transcription
Amino acids are brought to the site of protein synthesis by what?
tRNA
In a double-stranded molecule of DNA, complementary base pairs are linked together by what?
Hydrogen bonds
What cell organelle is not thought to contain its own genes?
Ribosomes
A gene that interrupts the normal functioning of life processes and results in death is called what?
Lethal gene
In fruit flies, black body color and normal wings are frequently inherited together. From this, one might conclude that the genes for these two traits are _________
Located on the same chromosome
The genetic code for an amino acid involves a sequence of how many nucleotides?
Three
Which of the following is not true of RNA? It is single-stranded It consist as of nucleotide units It contains sugar ribose The amount of c equals the amount of g
The amount of c equals the amount of g
In replication of DNA what happens?
Both strands act as templates
In the synthesis of mRNA what happens?
Only one strand of DNA acts as a template
The sequence of nucleotides in ribosomal and tRNA is determined by what?
DNA of the nucleus
Which of the following is not a structural difference between DNA and RNA?
- DNA has 2 strands, RNA has 1
- DNA contains t, RNA contains u
- DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose
- DNA strands are short, RNA strands are long
DNA strands are short RNA strands are long
Which of the following is not true of tRNA?
- there is a different tRNA for each kind of amino acid
- tRNA is found in the cell cytoplasm
- tRNA carries nucleotides to the ribosomes
- tRNA is involved in protein synthesis
there is a different tRNA for each kind of amino acid
What part of the protein synthesis process is the nucleus part of?
Transcription
Describe transcription process in protein synthesis
DNA unzips and mRNA bonds to template and forms a codon
What part of the protein synthesis process is the ribosome part of?
Translation
Describe translation process in protein synthesis that the ribosome is involved in
Codon goes to rRNA and the codon points out to tRNA
Nucleotide
Made up of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Building blocks of nucleic acids
Double helix
2 DNA structures in a twist formation
Transcription
Copying of a DNA template
Polypeptide
A chain of amino acids. It is important because protein is made of amino acids
Codon
Codes for amino acids and mRNA
Amino acid
Monomer for proteins
Protein synthesis
When Biological cells generate new proteins
Purine
A compound with basic properties
Monomer
A compound that can be combined with other compounds to make a polymer
Hydrogen bond
Electromagnetic attractive interaction between polar molecules
Nucleolus
Contains RNA and proteins
DNA
Stores and transmits genetic info
Mutation
Change in the genetic material of the cell
Transformation
Where genetic material is added to DNA
mRNA
Brings the genetic info from the DNA to the ribosomes
tRNA
Carries amino acids to the ribosomes
Replication
The process of the cell duplicating its DNA
Anticodon
A chain of amino acids
Polymer
Compound formed by many monomers
Triplet
Series of 3 bases that make up RNA
Ribosome
Makes proteins
Template
A structure that can cause the patterning of a second structure
RNA
The process where proteins are made from amino acids
Name 10 things that DNA includes
- Deoxyribose sugar
- 2 strands of nucleotides
- Replication
- Makes up chromosomes
- No three strands are the same
- One type
- contains thymine
- Contains hereditary info
- Forms template for protein synthesis
Name 10 things that RNA includes
- Ribose sugar
- 1 strand
- does not replicate
- key to protein synthesis
- transcription in nucleus, translation on rRNA
- 3 types m, t, and r
- thymine is replaced by uracil
- codes for amino acids
- picks up message and delivers it to rRNA
- triplet form
Herba
Grass, plants
Heteros
Different
Homo
Man
Homos, homeos
Same
Hydro, hudor
Water
Intra
Into, within
Itis
Disease, inflammation
Reducing atmosphere
The ability to produce 20 amino acids
Deoxyribose
Sugar found in DNA
Muton
Smallest segment of DNA in which mutation may occur
Cistron
Smallest segment if DNA needed for synthesis of protein
Transduction
Transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another by a virus
Uracil
Pairs with adenine
Oparin’s hypothesis
Russian scientist in 1937 discovered reducing atmosphere
Urey miller experiment
Expanded the thought of what was present on early earth
James Watson
American biologist
Francis Crick
British physicist
Rosalind Franlin
British scientist
Chargaff’s rule
That in any sample of DNA, the # of adenine molecules was equal to the # of thymine molecules
Describe the structure of DNA
Polymer formed molecules
What is the monomer of DNA and what is the structure
Nucleotides made of 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
rRNA
Synthesizes proteins
Translation
Decoding of mRNA into a poly peptide chain
Bacterial transformation
When dead, smooth cells and rough cells are mixed
Replication
Duplication of chromosomes
Cytoplasm helps with what part of protein synthesis
Translation: where tRNA picks up amino acids
