Test 4

Question 1

Things to Consider in Diagnosis of Psychological Disorders: What is abnormal and what is normal?

Answer 1

Cultural/subcultural differences (some societies where blackened teeth attractive)
Generational Changes - “Fads’ come and go
Individual Differences

Question 2

Definition of Abnormal

Answer 2

Not the norm and harmful to the person

Question 3

Diagnosing in Clinical Interview

Answer 3

Clinical interview - relevant background information (Childhood, Relationships, Genetic History, Substance Abuse - condition caused by or result of)

Question 4

Misdiagnoses

Answer 4

Sometimes people who diagnose use heuristics - mental short-cuts and misdiagnose

Stereotypes and Prejudice bias diagnosing

Question 5

Rosenhan experiment

Answer 5

Had many misdiagnosed as schizophrenic

Had many not diagnosed that are schizophrenic

Question 6

Approximately, ____ of the U.S. population will develop symptoms of a psychological disorder sometime in their life

Answer 6

50%

Question 7

What causes a psychological disorder?

a. Biological Model

Answer 7

i. Neurotransmitters - chemicals in the brain

ii. Genetic pre-disposition

Question 8

What causes a psychological disorder?

Cognitive Model

Answer 8

Problems with thinking or interpreting events (e.g. bad grade)
ii. Treatment: Attempt to change negative thought pattern

Question 9

What causes a psychological disorder?
Behavioral Model - Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Modeling
i.

Answer 9

Treatment: Exposure, Reinforcement, Show positive behaviors

1. Exposure - Flooding - expose them to their fear
2. Reinforcement - Depressed = go out with friends

Question 10

What causes a psychological disorder?
d. Psychodynamic Model
i.

Answer 10

Most of behavior caused by what is in the unconscious

ii. Conflicts between id, ego, superego produces anxiety
iii. use defense mechanisms to manage anxiety
iv. Challenges in Childhood
v. Nervous breakdown - the break down of the ego

Question 11

What causes a psychological disorder?

Sociocultural Model -

Answer 11

quality of social relationships/cultural factors

i. looks at social relationships and cultural factors
ii. family systems perspective

Question 12

What causes a psychological disorder?
f. Humanistic Perspective
i.

Answer 12

People want to self actualize or reach their full potential

ii. come to understand and accept who we are

Question 13

Existential Model

Answer 13

i. Freedom and Responsibility to make choices in life

ii. Find meaning in life

Question 14

g. Specific Phobia -

Answer 14

Intense or irrational fear of objects or situations

Question 15

h. Social Anxiety Disorder -

Answer 15

extreme and unreasonable fear in social situations (fear of negative judgement/evaluation. - want to socialize

Question 16

i. Panic Disorder -

Answer 16

Recurrent Panic Attacks (Intense Anxiety) - fear of panic attacks

i. chest pains
ii. shortness of breath
iii. shaking
iv. sweating
v. fear that dying or going insane
vi. depersonilzation - seperation from mind or body
vii. can be triggered or unpredictable
viii. agoraphobia - fear of being out in public (don’t want them to happen around people)

Question 17

x. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Answer 17

a. Obsessions; Unwanted, intrusive thoughts that create anxiety
b. Compulsions: Behaviors to reduce the anxiety from unwanted thoughts
c. Realize obsessions and compulsions not reasonable