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PSY 2261 > test 3 (units 9-13) > Flashcards

test 3 (units 9-13) Flashcards

1
Q

behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and traits that a culture considers appropriate for males or for females

A

gender roles

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2
Q

Erikson’s fourth crisis of psychosocial development, in which children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face feelings of inferiority

A

industry v. inferiority

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3
Q

Judgment a person makes about his or her self-worth

A

self-esteem

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4
Q

a parenting style that emphasizes self-expression and self-regulation

A

permissive

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5
Q

desire to play with others but feels insecure around children they don’t know

A

reticent play

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6
Q

The second cognitive level of play, involves use of objects or materials to make something; also called object play

A

cognitive play

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7
Q

the image a person has about their self

A

self-concept

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8
Q

erickson’s 3rd crisis in which children must balance the urge to pursue goals with the moral reservations that may prevent carrying them out

A

initiative v. guilt

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9
Q

a parenting style which emphasizes control and obedience

A

authoritarian

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10
Q

aggression used as an instrument in achieving a goal

A

instrumental

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11
Q

a parenting style that blends respect for a child’s individuality with an effort to instill social values

A

authoritative

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12
Q

a behavior intended to help others without external reward

A

altruism

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13
Q

aggressive behavior is intended to hurt another person

A

hostile

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14
Q

form of coercive parenting in which physical force is used in an attempt to correct or control the child’s behavior

A

corporal punishment

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15
Q

persistent and excessive worry that interferes with daily activities, can cause physical symptoms

A

anxiety disorder

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16
Q

vigorous play involving wrestling, hitting, and chasing

A

rough and tumble play

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17
Q

helps young children express what they’re feeling without putting it into words

A

art therapy

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18
Q

participation in this has risen 50% since the early 1980s

A

organized sports

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19
Q

extreme fear and/or avoidance of social situations, such as speaking in class or meeting an acquaintance on the street

A

social phobia

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20
Q

illnesses that are occasional or short-term conditions

A

acute medical condition

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21
Q

a chronic respiratory disease characterized by difficulty in breathing

A

asthma

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22
Q

a good physical education program should emphasize this

A

skill mastery

23
Q

one of the most common diseases of childhood and is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood as a result of defective insulin production, ineffective insulin action, or both

A

diabetes

24
Q

physical, developmental, behavioral, and/or emotional disturbances that require special health services

A

chronic medical condition

25
Q

referring to persistent, repetitive patterns of aggressive, antisocial acts

A

conduct disorder

26
Q

3rd stage of Piagetian development during which children develop mental operations to solve actual problems, but not abstract thinking

A

concrete operations

27
Q

the ability to order items along one or more dimensions

A

seriation

28
Q

a type of logical reasoning that moves from a general premise about a class to a conclusion about a particular member/s of the class

A

deductive reasoning

29
Q

strategy to aid memory, such as a rhyme or making a list

A

mnemonic device

30
Q

Sternberg’s theory that intelligence consists of componential, experimental, and contextual elements

A

triarchic theory of intelligence

31
Q

developmental disorder with which reading achievement is substantially lower than predicted by IQ or age

A

dyslexia

32
Q

11 yrs old+, can think abstractly, deal with hypothetical situations, and think about possibilities

A

formal operations

33
Q

understanding the relationship between two objects by knowing the relationship of each to a third object

A

transitive inference

34
Q

piaget’s term for a child mastering different types of conservation tasks at different ages

A

horizontal décalage

35
Q

Gardner’s theory that there are 8 distinct forms of intelligence: naturalistic, visual-spatial, body-kinesthetic, interpersonal, logic, verbal-linguistic, musical-rhythmic, and intrapersonal

A

theory of multiple intelligences

36
Q

the process of phonetic analysis by which a printed word is converted to spoken form before retrieval from long term memory

A

decoding

37
Q

stage of development where children are focused on appearances and have difficulty with abstract concepts

A

preoperational

38
Q

a type of logical reasoning that moves from particular observations about members of a class to a general conclusion about that class

A

inductive reasoning

39
Q

the understanding of the processes of memory

A

metamemory

40
Q

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

ADHD

41
Q

approach to teaching reading that emphasizes visual retrieval and use of contextual cues

A

whole-language approach

42
Q

broad, inclusive self-concepts that integrate various aspects of the self

A

representational systems

43
Q

erikson’s fourth stage of psychosocial development focuses on

A

industry v. inferiority

44
Q

unfavorable attitudes toward “outsiders”, especially members of certain racial or ethnic groups

A

prejudice

45
Q

child psychoanalyst known for his theory on 8 stages of psychosocial development

A

erikson

46
Q

aggression aimed at achieving an objective

A

instrumental aggression

47
Q

control or maintain

A

regulation

48
Q

the transitional stage in the control of behavior in which parents exercise general supervision and children exercise moment-to-moment self-regulation

A

coregulation

49
Q

action intended to hurt another person

A

hostile aggression

50
Q

emotional self-regulation involves ______ control of emotions, attention, and behavior

A

effortful

50
Q

a view of the self as able to master skills and complete tasks

A

competence

51
Q

the tendency for individuals to perceive others as trying to hurt them and to strike out in retaliation or self-defense

A

hostile attribution bias

52
Q

erikson’s third stage in psychosocial development, in which children balance the urge to pursue goals with reservations about doing so

A

initiative v. guilt

53
Q

what aggression becomes when it is deliberately, persistently directed against a particular target: a victim

A

bullying

PSY 2261 (3 decks)

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