test 1 (units 1-4)

Question 1

the scientific study of processes of change and stability from conception through adolescence

Answer 1

child development

Question 2

monique first learns to crawl and then learns to walk. this an example of

Answer 2

physical development

Question 3

william can now say 3x as many words as he used to. this an example of

Answer 3

cognitive development

Question 4

a child’s personality development can also be referred to as

Answer 4

psychosocial development

Question 5

a combination of economic and social factors contribute to

Answer 5

socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 6

a household unit made up of parents and their natural or adopted children is known as a

Answer 6

nuclear family

Question 7

an event that is experienced in a similar way for most people in a group is

Answer 7

normative

Question 8

a group of people who share the same experience, such as growing up at the same time and place, is called a

Answer 8

cohort

Question 9

both living in poverty and experiencing a lack of exposure to appropriate role models are considered

Answer 9

risk factors

Question 10

a coherent set of logically related concepts that seeks to organize, explain, and predict data is a

Answer 10

theory

Question 11

an 8 stage theory involving a crisis and occurring over a life span

Answer 11

psychosocial

Question 12

a theory where behaviors are learned by observing and imitating models

Answer 12

social learning

Question 13

a perspective that focuses on biological and evolutionary bases of behavior

Answer 13

evolutionary/sociobiological

Question 14

an observation where all participants are observed in the same situation, under controlled conditions

Answer 14

lab

Question 15

if one were investing to see if there is a statistical relationship between variables, the best type of study would be a

Answer 15

correlational study

Question 16

a rigorously controlled, replicable procedure in which the researcher manipulates variables to assess the effect of one on the other is called an

Answer 16

experiment

Question 17

in an experiment, the condition over which the researcher has direct control is the

Answer 17

independent variable

Question 18

a design that assesses changes in a sample over time is the

Answer 18

longitudinal study

Question 19

a one-celled organism resulting from fertilization is called a

Answer 19

zygote

Question 20

twins conceived by the union of the two different ova with two different sperm are called

Answer 20

dizygotic twins

Question 21

small segments of DNA located in definite positions on particular chromosomes are called

Answer 21

genes

Question 22

an organism possessing two identical alleles for a trait

Answer 22

homozygous

Question 23

when a child receives contradictory alleles, and only one is expressed

Answer 23

dominant inheritance

Question 24

the observable characteristics of a person

Answer 24

phenotype

Question 25

a pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried on the X chromosome inherited from the mother are transmitted differently to her male and female offspring is called

Answer 25

sex-linked inheritance

Question 26

the quantitative study of relative heredity and environmental influences

Answer 26

behavioral genetics

Question 27

a statistical estimate of the contribution of heredity to individual differences in a specific trait within a given population

Answer 27

heritability

Question 28

the potential variability in the expression of a hereditary trait

Answer 28

reaction range

Question 29

the principal that development proceeds with the upper part of the body developing before the lower parts is called the

Answer 29

cephalocaudal principle

Question 30

the first two weeks of prenatal development is called the

Answer 30

germinal stage

Question 31

the stage of gestation that is characterized by rapid growth and development of major body systems and organs is called the

Answer 31

embryonic stage

Question 32

the final stage of gestation

Answer 32

fetal stage

Question 33

another term for a miscarriage is

Answer 33

spontaneous abortion

Question 34

amniocentesis and sonogram are forms of

Answer 34

prenatal assessment

Question 35

a birth defect-producing substance is called a

Answer 35

teratogen

Question 36

a combination of mental, motor, and developmental abnormalities resulting from a mother consuming alcohol is called

Answer 36

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 37

high frequency sound waves are used specifically with

Answer 37

ultrasound

Question 38

a three month period of a pregnancy is called a

Answer 38

trimester

Question 39

the soft spot in the top of the infant’s head is called the

Answer 39

fontanel

Question 40

without oxygen

Answer 40

anoxia

Question 41

the first test a newborn receives is known as the

Answer 41

apgar scale

Question 42

a baby born before 37 full weeks of prenatal development is

Answer 42

preterm

Question 43

helps to identify a fetus whose heart rate is slowing

Answer 43

electronic fetal monitoring

Question 44

what can save an infant’s life when a vaginal birth can’t be accomplished

Answer 44

a cesarean delivery

Question 45

a baby who’s less than a month old is called a

Answer 45

neonate

Question 46

when parents take classes, read books, or study about having a baby before the baby is born, they’re planning to experience

Answer 46

prepared childbirth

Question 47

a newborn baby’s skin is slightly yellowish; the baby has

Answer 47

neonatal jaundice

Question 48

a baby weighing less than 5.5 pounds is a

Answer 48

low birth weight baby