test 1 (units 1-4) Flashcards
the scientific study of processes of change and stability from conception through adolescence
child development
monique first learns to crawl and then learns to walk. this an example of
physical development
william can now say 3x as many words as he used to. this an example of
cognitive development
a child’s personality development can also be referred to as
psychosocial development
a combination of economic and social factors contribute to
socioeconomic status (SES)
a household unit made up of parents and their natural or adopted children is known as a
nuclear family
an event that is experienced in a similar way for most people in a group is
normative
a group of people who share the same experience, such as growing up at the same time and place, is called a
cohort
both living in poverty and experiencing a lack of exposure to appropriate role models are considered
risk factors
a coherent set of logically related concepts that seeks to organize, explain, and predict data is a
theory
an 8 stage theory involving a crisis and occurring over a life span
psychosocial
a theory where behaviors are learned by observing and imitating models
social learning
a perspective that focuses on biological and evolutionary bases of behavior
evolutionary/sociobiological
an observation where all participants are observed in the same situation, under controlled conditions
lab
if one were investing to see if there is a statistical relationship between variables, the best type of study would be a
correlational study
a rigorously controlled, replicable procedure in which the researcher manipulates variables to assess the effect of one on the other is called an
experiment
in an experiment, the condition over which the researcher has direct control is the
independent variable
a design that assesses changes in a sample over time is the
longitudinal study
a one-celled organism resulting from fertilization is called a
zygote
twins conceived by the union of the two different ova with two different sperm are called
dizygotic twins
small segments of DNA located in definite positions on particular chromosomes are called
genes
an organism possessing two identical alleles for a trait
homozygous
when a child receives contradictory alleles, and only one is expressed
dominant inheritance
the observable characteristics of a person
phenotype
a pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried on the X chromosome inherited from the mother are transmitted differently to her male and female offspring is called
sex-linked inheritance
the quantitative study of relative heredity and environmental influences
behavioral genetics
a statistical estimate of the contribution of heredity to individual differences in a specific trait within a given population
heritability
the potential variability in the expression of a hereditary trait
reaction range
the principal that development proceeds with the upper part of the body developing before the lower parts is called the
cephalocaudal principle
the first two weeks of prenatal development is called the
germinal stage
the stage of gestation that is characterized by rapid growth and development of major body systems and organs is called the
embryonic stage
the final stage of gestation
fetal stage
another term for a miscarriage is
spontaneous abortion
amniocentesis and sonogram are forms of
prenatal assessment
a birth defect-producing substance is called a
teratogen
a combination of mental, motor, and developmental abnormalities resulting from a mother consuming alcohol is called
fetal alcohol syndrome
high frequency sound waves are used specifically with
ultrasound
a three month period of a pregnancy is called a
trimester
the soft spot in the top of the infant’s head is called the
fontanel
without oxygen
anoxia
the first test a newborn receives is known as the
apgar scale
a baby born before 37 full weeks of prenatal development is
preterm
helps to identify a fetus whose heart rate is slowing
electronic fetal monitoring
what can save an infant’s life when a vaginal birth can’t be accomplished
a cesarean delivery
a baby who’s less than a month old is called a
neonate
when parents take classes, read books, or study about having a baby before the baby is born, they’re planning to experience
prepared childbirth
a newborn baby’s skin is slightly yellowish; the baby has
neonatal jaundice
a baby weighing less than 5.5 pounds is a
low birth weight baby
