test 2 (units 5-8) Flashcards
physical skills that involve the small muscles and hand-eye coordination are called
fine motor skills
crib death is the leading cause of postneonatal infant death in the US
sudden infant death syndrome
a process that involves elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient functioning is
cell death
an apparatus designed to test the depth perception of infants is the
visual cliff
the center of language and logical thinking
the left hemisphere
the molding of the brain through experience
plasticity
the proportion of babies born alive who die within the first year is called the
infant mortality rate
automatic, involuntary, innate responses by newborns to stimulation are
reflex behaviors
movement of arms and legs illustrates the principle of
gross motor skills
the brain and spinal chord make up the
central nervous system
nerve cells that send and receive information
neurons
motor development marked by a series of milestones developed systematically
systems of action
processes visual and spatial info
right hemisphere
neurons that control various groups of muscles coordinate their activities
integration
the time during which a given behavior is especially susceptible to, and indeed requires, specific environmental influences to develop normally
critical period(s)
period when words and phrases are formed
linguistic
period that includes crying, cooing, babbling, and imitating language sounds
prelinguistic
kids acquire language through reinforcement and imitation
behaviorist
approach seeks to determine and measure quantitively the factors that make up intelligence
psychometric
stage where infant’s cognitive and behavioral schemes become more elaborate; ages 0-2 y/o
sensorimotor
understanding that one event causes another
causality
standardized test of an infant’s mental and motor development
bayley scales
approach concerned with qualitative stages of cognitive development
piagetian
a simple form of learning in which familiarity with a stimulus reduces, slows, or stops a response
habituation
approach concerned with mental processes of learning and memory
information processing
kids acquire language from inborn language acquisition device
nativist
a child’s characteristic biologically based on disposition or style of approaching and reacting to people and situations
temperament
rests on internalization of societally approved standards
socialization
subjective reactions to experience that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes
emotions
first stage in erickson’s 8-series crises, first 18 months of life. successful resolution results in the virtue of hope
trust vs. mistrust
weariness of strange people and places, shown by some infants from age 6 to 12 months
stranger anxiety
realization that one’s existence and functioning are separate from those of other people and things
self-awareness
our image of ourselves
self-concept
sense of one’s capability to master challenges and achieve goals
self-efficacy
a child’s independent control of behavior to conform to understood social expectations
self-regulation
3 main patterns of attachment to parents have been found in this basis
strange situation
the reciprocal, enduring tie between infant and caregiver, each of whom contribute to the quality of the relationship
attachment
foundations of psychological development include this as part of early experiences with parents
affection
the distress shown by an infant when a familiar caregiver leaves
separation anxiety
second stage in erickson’s 8-series crises, from about 18 months to 3 years. successful resolution results in the virtue of will.
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
