Test 3 Respiratory & Digestion A&P Flashcards
What organs are part of the upper respiratory tract
- Nose
- Nasopharynx
- Laryngopharynx
- Larynx
What organs are part of the lower respiratory tract
- Trachea
- Bronchial Tree
- Lungs
Functions of the nose
- Passageway for air going to and from the lungs
- nasal mucosa filters and warms air
- Smell receptors (Olfactory epithelium)
- resonated sound for speech
Paranasal sinuses
- Frontal
- Maxillary
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
Scientific name for the throat
*Pharynx
Scientific name for the voice box
*Larynx
Scientific name for the wind pipe
*Trachea
Three parts of the pharynx
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
Seven openings to the pharynx
- Right & Left auditory (Eustachian) tubes
- 2 posterior nares
- Fauces
- Into the larynx (air passage)
- Into the esophagus (food & water passage)
Names and functions of the cartilages found in the larynx
*Epiglottis - covers air passage when swallowing
*Thyroid - holds air passage open
*Cricoid - connects larynx to trachea
*arytenoid
*Cuneiform
Corniculate
Parts of the Bronchial Tree and how many branches
- 2 Primary Bronchi (Right & Left lung)
- 5 Secondary Bronchi (3 right & 2 Left
- 20 Tertiary Bronchi (10 segments on either side)
What cell makes surfactant? Function of Surfactant?
*Type II Cell -
What is the diaphragm and its function?
Muscle used in breathing and separates the thorax cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
Structure & location of the pleural membranes
- Parietal Pleura - lines the thoracic cavity; it partitions off the mediastinum
- Visceral Pleura - lies against the parietal pleura; contains pleural fluid for lubrication, avoiding friction and respirations are painless.
Examples of upper tract infections
- Rhinitis - inflammation of nose
- Pharyngitis - inflammation of throat
- Laryngitis - inflammation of vocal cords
Examples of lower tract infections
- TB - caused by bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
* Pneumonia (bacterial, viral, fungal)
Types of cells found in the alveolus
- Type I cell - endothelium cell
- Type II cell - makes surfactant
- Alveolar macrophages
What is 1 Standard Atmospheric Pressure?
760 mmHg
What is Boyle’s Law & formula
Volume of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature
P1V1=P2V2
What is occurring during inspiration to the volume of the lungs and the pressure changes occurring
- During inspiration, pressure in lungs is lower than outside
- diaphragm contracts and descends and volume increases
What muscles are working during inspiration?
- External intercostals
* diaphragm
What muscles are working during expiration?
- Internal intercostals
* diaphragm
Differences between forceful inspiration and normal inspiration
- Inspiration - diaphragm & external intercostals
* Forceful expiration - sternocleidomastoidf, pectoralis minor, & serratus anterior
What is Tidal Volume?
Volume inspired or expired per breath
Males 600mL
Females 500mL
What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Maximum inspiration at end of tidal inspiration
Males 3L
Females 1.9L
What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?
Maximum expiration at end of tidal expiration
Males 1.2L
Female 800mL
What is Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?
Volume in lungs after maximal inspiration
Males 6L
Females 4.2L
What is Residual Lung Volume (RLV)?
Volume in lungs after maximum expiration
Males 1.2L
Females 1L