Test 2 Lympathic & Immune System & Stress Flashcards
Function of the Lymph System
Maintain fluid balance & immunity
Function of Lymph Nodes
Defense and filtration, phagocytosis, hematopoiesis of lymphocytes
Organs of the lymph system (8)
thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, vermiform appendix, and 3 pairs of tonsils
5 Functions of the spleen
- Defense-macrophages line sinusoid
- Tissue repair-resevoir of monocytes
- RBC destruction & platelet destruction
- Hematopoiesis
- Blood resevoir
Location of 3 pairs of tonsils
- Palatine tonsils - Oral Cavity
- Pharyngeal tonsils - Pharynx-
- Lingual tonsils - underneath the tongue
Location of important clusters of lymph nodes
- Submental & Submaxillary - found in face
- Superficial cervical - found in neck
- Superficial cubital, supratrochlear - elbow region
- Axillary - under arm
- Inguinal - groin region
Chemical composition of lymph fluid
- resembles blood plasma
- isotonic, higher in protein than IF, lower in protein than plasma
- volume - 2,500-2,800 ml
- Presence of protein high to low: Plasma>Lymph>IF
Comparisons between lymphatic vessels and veins
Lymphatic vessels:
- have thinner walls
- have more valves
- contain lymph nodes
- capillaries leak proteins; lymphatic returns proteins
Function & Location of the Left Thoracic Duct
(aka L Lymphatic duct) Left side of body, drains to the rest of the body
Function & Location of the Right Lymphatic Duct
Right side of body, drains to right side of head, right side of trunk, right upper extremity
Changes that occur in the lymphatic tissue with age
- Lymphatic organs decrease in size after puberty
- Therefore, there is an increase risk for:
- infection & cancer
- hypersensitivity (much longer healing time)
Structure of a Typical Lymph Node
- Afferent lymph vessel & Efferent lymph vessel
- Capsule
- Trabeculae & blood vessels
- Hilus & blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels of the breast
- Superficial vessels converge to form a diffuse, cutaneous lymphatic plexus
- Subareolar plexus - located under the areola surrounding the nipple
- 85% drains into the axillary lymphatic vessels
Function of the Immune System
- Being able to resist particular infectious diseases causing pathogen
- Implies protection against normal exposure
What is Innate Immunity
(Non-specific) Immunity one is born with
What is Adaptive Immunity
(Acquired) Immunity from a disease one has already had or has been vaccinated against
Importance of 1st Line of Defense
Healthy & intact skin and mucous membranes prevents pathogens from entering body
Function & Location of the enzyme Lysozyme
Chemical barrier found in tears and saliva