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Oral Anatomy > Test 3 (CLO 4 & 5) > Flashcards

Test 3 (CLO 4 & 5) Flashcards

1
Q

What is occlusion?

A

The relationship of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when they come together.

Occlusion is crucial for proper dental function and overall oral health.

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2
Q

What is the functional relationship of the teeth?

A

The way in which teeth interact with each other during jaw movements.

This includes how teeth align and contact during chewing and speaking.

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3
Q

What defines the intercupational relationship?

A

The contact relationship between opposing teeth when the jaws are closed.

It is essential for assessing occlusal harmony.

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4
Q

What forces influences tooth alignment? (4)

A

Forces from:
- eruption patterns
-facial growth rate
- bone coverage
- equilibrium of physiological forces

These factors guide how teeth position themselves in the dental arch

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5
Q

What is the eruption schedule of teeth?

A

The sequence in which primary teeth are replaced by secondary teeth.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: Primary teeth undergo _______ before exfoliation.

A

resorption.

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7
Q

What is the rule regarding the eruption of anterior and posterior teeth?

A

Anterior teeth erupt before posterior teeth, and mandibular teeth erupt before maxillary teeth.

This rule helps in predicting dental development.

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8
Q

What are the two factors used in the classification of occlusion?

A

Skeletal relationship and dental relationship.

These factors help in diagnosing malocclusion.

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9
Q

What does Class I occlusion indicate in Angle’s classification?

A

Neutro-occlusion, where the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar aligns with the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar.

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10
Q

What defines Class II division 1 occlusion?

A

The maxillary central incisors are protruded, and the molars are in a Class II relationship.

This classification is common in dental assessments.

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11
Q

What is the definition of overbite?

A

The extent to which the maxillary anterior teeth overlap the mandibular anterior teeth.

Overbite can be classified as slight, moderate, or severe.

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12
Q

How does lip position affect tooth alignment?

A

Protrusion of teeth can occur due to a short maxillary lip, while lower lip pressure can cause retrusion

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13
Q

What is the significance of Angle’s classification of cuspids?

A

It categorizes the occlusal relationships of cuspids based on their contact points with adjacent teeth.

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14
Q

What is the Curve of Spee?

A

The alignment of buccal cusps of posterior teeth creating a curve from anterior to posterior.

This curve is essential for understanding occlusal relationships.

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15
Q

What does the Sphere of Monson represent?

A

An invisible sphere that aligns the occlusal surfaces and transverse curves of the dental arches.

This concept helps visualize ideal occlusion.

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16
Q

What is interdigitation?

A

The contact of cusps from opposing arches to maximize occlusal contact points.

There are typically 138 occlusal contact points in a normal occlusion.

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17
Q

What factors influence horizontal alignment of teeth (7)?

A
  • Tongue position
  • Mesial drift
  • Alignment of previous teeth
  • Lips
  • Muscles of cheeks
  • Jaw size
  • Intercuspation
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18
Q

What is the definition of vertical alignment in teeth?

A

Teeth are positioned at angles rather than straight up and down, with specific inclinations for maxillary and mandibular teeth.

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19
Q

What is centric occlusion?

A

The occlusion of teeth when the jaw is in its most posterior position.

This position is considered the ‘normal’ bite.

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20
Q

What defines malocclusion?

A

A deviation from ideal maxillary and mandibular relationships of teeth.

Malocclusion can lead to various dental and orthodontic issues.

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21
Q

What is edge-to-edge occlusion?

A

A condition where only the anterior teeth touch when the mandible is moved forward from centric occlusion.

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22
Q

What is a crossbite?

A

When a tooth or teeth in one arch are positioned buccally or lingually to the opposing arch.

Crossbite can affect function and aesthetics.

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23
Q

What occurs in an open bite?

A

Maxillary and mandibular molars are in contact, but anterior teeth do not touch.

This condition can be caused by habits like thumb sucking.

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24
Q

What are parafunctional habits? And 4 examples

A

Movements of the mandible that are not related to normal function, such as:
-Clenching
-Bruxism
-Digit sucking
-Rocking of teeth

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25
Q

What is another word for protrude?

A

Prognathic

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26
Q

What is another word for retrude?

A

Retrognathic

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27
Q

Rule: Mandible is _____ moving

A

Free

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28
Q

What is periodontium?

A

The supporting tissue adjacent to teeth

29
Q

What does perioddontium consist of? (6)

A

-Free gingiva
-Attatched gingiva
-Alveolar mucosa
-Cementum
-Periodontal ligament
-Bone

30
Q

Preventative characteristics of tooth shape (7):

A

-Prevents bacterial invasion
-Prevents calculus buildup
-Protects gingiva
-Protects periodontium
-Prevents occlusal trauma
-Prevents biting forces
-Linked to risk of systemic conditions

31
Q

Why is interdental papillae important to the clinician?

A

Because its one of the first indicators of infection or unhealthy of the periodontium (will appear red and blunted)

32
Q

How tooth shape/alignment protects the periodontium (6):

A

-Location and size of medial/distal areas
-Size and location of interproximal spaces
-Location and effectiveness of embrasures or spillways
-CEJ curvature
-Self cleaning qualities of the tooth
-Occlusal and in is al curvatures

33
Q

If the tooth surface is smooth there is (less/more) retention of biofilm

A

Less

34
Q

What are proximal contact areas?

A

Where the proximal surfaces of teeth touch one another (mesial/distal)

35
Q

What does a proximal contact do (3)?

A

-Prevents food from packing between teeth
-Offers support and anchorage to teeth
-Offers resistance to displacement

36
Q

Bone supports the (distal/mesial) root of one tooth and the (distal/mesial) of a second tooth

A
  1. Distal
  2. Mesial
37
Q

What is a contact area?

A

The flattened portion of the tooth where it touches the tooth next to it in the same dental arch

38
Q

What is a contact point?

A

Where the occlusal cusp of one tooth touches the occlusal portion of another tooth in the opposing arch

39
Q

What are interproximal spaces?

A

Triangular-shaped spaces between teeth formed by bone on one side and the proximal surfaces and their contact area on the other side
(The contact area forms the apex, the proximal surfaces form the sides and the gingiva forms the base)

40
Q

Function of the interdental papilla (3)

A

-Prevents food impaction
-More tapered towards the in is al embrasure
-Space for bone = anchorage and support

41
Q

What causes a cervical embrasure?

A

When there is a gingival recession between teeth and the interdental papilla and bone no longer fill the entire interproximal space

42
Q

What are embrasures (spillways)?

A

The spaces between teeth that are occlusal to the contact areas

43
Q

Purpose of embrasures (4):

A

-Allow food to be moves away from contact areas
-Dissipate and reduce the forces of occlusal trauma
-Provide self-cleaning by the action of the tongue, cheeks and lips
-Protect the gingiva fro undue trauma

44
Q

Where is the contact area for anterior teeth (facial view)

A

Located closer to the incisal surfaces

45
Q

Where are the contact areas for posterior teeth (facial view)?

A

Located closer to the middle third of teeth

46
Q

Function of facial and lingual contours (3):

A

-Direct food off teeth and against gingiva at proper angle
-Allows tongue to rest against the tooth
-Facial height allows for maximum cleaning of lips and cheeks

47
Q

Too (much/little) deflection = not enough gingival stimulation
Too (much/little) deflection = allows food to pack into the gingival crevice

A
  1. Much
  2. Little
48
Q

The mesial curvature is (greater/lesser) than the distal curvature of the same tooth

A

Greater

49
Q

The mandibular anterior teeth show (more/less) curvature than their maxillary counterparts

A

Less

50
Q

What impacts the alignment of teeth (3)

A

Muscles of the:
-lips
-tongue
-cheeks

51
Q

What does skeletal relationship mean?

A

-The relationship of the facial bones (includes prognathic and retrognathic)

52
Q

What does dental relationship mean?

A

-The relationship of the teeth in the jaw (protrusion and Retrusion)

53
Q

Who created Angle’s tooth classification?

A

E. H. Angle

54
Q

What are the 3 classes of angle’s tooth classification:

A

-Class I
-Class II (Division I, Division II)
-Class III

55
Q

What defines class II division II?

A

Maxillary central incisors are retruded lingually behind the lateral incisors

56
Q

What is class III (mesio-occlusion)

A

Mandibular incisors are more anterior than maxillary (the left side can be in a different classification than the right side)

57
Q

Define Class I (cuspids)

A

Maxillary mesial canine surface occludes with the distal half of the mandibular canine and mesial half of the mandibular first premolar

58
Q

Define Class I (cuspids)

A

Maxillary mesial canine surface occludes with the distal half of the mandibular canine and mesial half of the mandibular first premolar

59
Q

Define class II (cuspids)

A

Distal surface of the maxillary canine occludes with the mesial surface of te mandibular canine and distal surface of the lateral

60
Q

Define class III (cuspids)

A

Distal surface of the maxillary canine occludes with the distal of the mandibular first premolar

61
Q

Define class III (cuspids)

A

Distal surface of the maxillary canine occludes with the distal of the mandibular first premolar

62
Q

What is the curve of Wilson?

A

Curve can be seen in a transverse view of the posterior molars from left to right

63
Q

What is the working side?

A

The side to which the mandible moves

64
Q

What is opposite to the working side?

A

Balancing side

65
Q

Difference between over jet and over bite?

A

Overjet (horizontal overlap)
Overbite (vertical overlap)

66
Q

What causes open bite?

A

Digit sucking, tongue thrusting

67
Q

What is premature contact?

A

When closing one tooth hits another before the rest of the teeth, which causes the jaw to deflect before allowing the rest of the teeth to occlude which affects the TMJ

68
Q

What are some result of premature contact?(5)

A

-Abnormal TMJ stress
-Muscles become sore
-Tired and tender
-Tooth can become sensitive to percussion/cold
-Tooth may fracture or crack

69
Q

Premature loss = ______ _____________

A

Over eruption

Oral Anatomy (2 decks)

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