Test 3 - Chapter 10 Flashcards
A primary sex characteristic in females; a girl’s first menstrual period, which signals the ability to reproduce sexually.
menarche
The female gonads (sex glands); they release the sex hormones and produce the cells that females use for sexual reproduction, called eggs.
ovaries
A primary sex characteristic in males; a boy’s beginning to produce mature sperm, which signals the ability to reproduce sexually.
spermarche
The male gonads (sex glands); they release the sex hormones and produce the cells that males use for sexual reproduction, called sperm.
testes
A class of hormones, including estradiol, that are more prevalent in females; they are associated with the development of the secondary and primary sex characteristics and with sexual behavior.
estrogens
A class of hormones, including testosterone, that are more prevalent in males; they are associated with the development of the secondary and primary sex characteristics and with sexual behavior.
androgens
Biological sex is determined by …
all of the above
Secondary sex characteristics
Men - facial hair, more angular jaw, deepening voice, body hair, increased muscle mass, pubic hair
Women - fat on breasts, body hair, greater definition of waist, fat on the hips, pubic hair
What does it mean when someone gave birth to an infant without a SRY gene?
they’re having a girl
________, the physical aspects of being male or female, is different from _______, the social differences between being male or female.
- Biological Sex
2. Gender
Dr. Jackson has just delivered a newborn infant with androgen insensitivity syndrome. The baby is genetically male but has ambiguous genitals that much more closely resemble a vagina than a penis. Based on recent research, what is the most appropriate course of action that Dr. Jackson should recommend to the infant’s parents?
do NOT alter baby genitals (androgen insensitivity)
You can tell always tell a person’s biological sex by looking at their genitals. (myth or fact)
Myth
The differences in the brains of males and females have very little impact on how males and females think and act. (myth or fact)
Fact - The brains of males and females are actually more similar than not. And any differences probably do not significantly affect psychological processes. This is called the gender similarities hypothesis.
Pat and Chris have a new baby. They take one look at the genitals and declare, “It’s a boy!” Based on this, the parents have decided
A. that the baby is experiencing intersexuality.
B. on the baby’s biological sex.
C. that the baby has androgen insensitivity syndrome.
D. on the baby’s gender.
B. on the baby’s biological sex.
Marisa is pregnant and wants to learn the sex of her baby. Her friend, who took Introductory Psychology, tells her, “The sex of the baby was determined at conception and depends on the sex chromosomes in the zygote. If they are ______ then the baby will be male. If they are ______ then the baby will be female.”
A. XX; XXY
B. XXY; XX
C. XX; XY
D. XY; XX
D. XY; XX
Research shows that when people with higher levels of testosterone view angry and fearful faces, there is more activation in the ________ and less activation in the _______.
- amygdala
2. prefrontal cortex
The idea that males and females are similar in most psychological processes is _______________.
gender similarity hypothesis
Research suggests that one of the reasons why males tend to be more physically aggressive than females is that males tend to have more _______, which binds with many receptors in the and increases the tendency for aggressive responses.
testosterone
When people do not clearly fall into the binary of being biologically male or biologically female, they are experiencing ______.
intersexuality
__________ is when development doesn’t follow the normal course. It could include things like learning and social disabilities and disorders.
atypical development
two female sex chromosomes and one male sex chromosome (XXY)
Klinefelter syndrome
two female sex chromosomes and one male sex chromosome (XXY)
Klinefelter syndrome
________ is when a person who is genetically male (who has one X and one Y chromosome) is resistant to male hormones (called androgens). As a result, the person has some or all of the physical traits of a woman, but the genetic makeup of a man.
androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
At a college in the United States a female runner was found to have XY sex chromosomes, lack ovaries and a uterus, and have internal testes that produce high levels of testosterone. This runner may be described as experiencing intersexuality because she ________.
isn’t fully male or female
_________ is a group of inherited genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands, a pair of walnut-sized organs above your kidneys. A person with ______ lacks one of the enzymes the adrenal glands use to produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, the immune system, blood pressure and other essential functions.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
A person’s sense of being male or female matches their biological sex. (myth or fact)
myth
possessing traits typically viewed as consistent with that person’s biological sex
sex-typed
possessing traits typically viewed as consistent with a different biological sex
cross-sex-typed
possessing traits typically associated with males as well as possessing traits typically associated with females
androgynous
possessing traits not typically associated with either males or females
undifferentiated
After taking the Bem Sex Role Inventory, Gloria, a female, found that she was supposedly high in characteristics of males. According to the inventory, Gloria would most likely be classified as having which sex role?
A. androgynous
B. sex-typed
C. undifferentiated
D. cross-sex-typed
D. cross-sex-typed
In 10-year-old Kyle’s family, his mother and older sister take showers, whereas his father and he take baths. Based on this experience, Kyle has created mental categories of showers as “something girls do” and baths as “something boys do.” These mental categories are Kyle’s gender
A. dysphorias.
B. roles.
C. identities.
D. schemas.
D. schemas.
Aidan is 3 years old and sometimes likes to play dress-up in his sister’s princess gowns and wear barrettes in his hair. Sometimes Aidan calls himself a girl, but other times he calls himself a boy. Based on this information, it is most accurate to say that Aidan is
A. transgender
B. experiencing normal development of gender identity
C. transsexual
D. experiencing gender dysphoria
B. experiencing normal development of gender identity
Sexual orientation is about whom you have sexual relations with. (myth or fact)
myth
The sexual orientation of people who are gay and lesbian is most likely determined by biology, not by how they were raised. (myth or fact)
fact
Maria is an 18-year-old young woman and Dale is an 18-year-old young man. Both are developing normally physically. However, Dale experiences more sexual thoughts and desires than Maria. This is best explained by Dale having \_\_\_\_\_ levels of \_\_\_\_\_ than Maria. A. lower; androgens B. greater; estradiol C. lower; estrogens D. greater; testosterone
D. greater; testosterone
Zander and Georgia are having a debate about their sexual responses. According to Master’s and Johnson, men and women’s sexual response cycles differ because only women
A. can have multiple orgasms.
B. show more variation in the excitement phase.
C. have no refractory period.
D. all of the above
C. have no refractory period.
When we use gender schemas as mental shortcuts for processing information, we are using _______.
gender stereotypes
