Test 1 - Chapters 1 &2

Question 1

The study of mental activity and behavior, which are based on brain processes.

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

Systematically evaluating information to reach reasonable conclusions best supported by evidence.

Answer 2

Critical Thinking

Question 3

1. “What am I being asked to believe or accept?”
2. “What evidence is provided to support the claim?”
3. “What are the most reasonable conclusions?”

Answer 3

Three steps in becoming a skilled critical thinker

Question 4

Are psychology principles highly applicable to everyday life?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Tips to study in a more efficient way

Answer 5

The right goals lead to success
A little stress management goes a long way
Cramming is a crummy way to learn
Learning is an active endeavor
Explaining enhances understanding
There are many ways to learn
Self-quizzing improves learning

Question 6

Both nature and nurture influence our psychological development.

Answer 6

Nature vs. Nurture debate

Question 7

1. An early school of psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind and behavior.
2. the examination of one’s own conscious thoughts and feelings. (Wundt’s psychology lab)

Answer 7

1. Functionalism

2. Introspection

Question 8

Functionalism is the school of thought concerned with…

Answer 8

the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind and behavior

Question 9

Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species had its strongest influence on the school of thought called…

Answer 9

Functionalism

Question 10

organisms that are most adaptive to their environment are most likely to survive

Answer 10

“survival of the fittest”

Question 11

a type of psychological treatment to resolve unconscious conflicts that cause mental disorders.

Answer 11

psychoanalysis/psychoanalytic approach

Question 12

Psychoanalysis was developed by…

Answer 12

Sigmund Freud

Question 13

Person who established the first psychology laboratory, which marked the beginning of experimental psychology, was…

Answer 13

Wilhelm Wundt in 1879

Question 14

A psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behavior

Answer 14

Behaviorism

Question 15

The study of how people think, learn, and remember

Answer 15

cognitive psychology

Question 16

Which psychological approach would more appropriately answer the following question? How does the environment influence behavior?

Answer 16

Behaviorism

Question 17

The subfield of cognitive psychology focuses on…

Answer 17

The study of how people think, learn, and remember.

Question 18

Psychological science occurs at which level(s) of analysis?

Answer 18

Biological, Individual, Social, Cultural.

Question 19

Groups of people responsible for reviewing proposed research to ensure that it meets the accepted standards of science and provides for the physical and emotional well-being of research participants.

Answer 19

Institutional Review Boards

Question 20

Deals with how the physical body influences our thoughts and behavior. Psychoanalysis.

Answer 20

Biological level of analysis and its explanation of depression

Question 21

studies issues pertaining to industry and the workplace

Answer 21

industrial/organizational psychology

Question 22

studies how people are affected by each other

Answer 22

social psychological analysis

Question 23

The beliefs, values, rules, and customs that exist within a group of people who share a common language and environment and that are transmitted through learning from one generation to the next.

Answer 23

Culture

Question 24

A specific prediction of what should be observed if a theory is correct

Answer 24

Hypothesis

Question 25

Research methods that test causal hypotheses by manipulating independent variables and measuring the effects on dependent variables

Answer 25

Experimental methods

Question 26

In an experiment, a comparison group of participants that receives no intervention or receives an intervention that is unrelated to the independent variable being investigated.

Answer 26

Control group

Question 27

in an experiment, the variable that the experimenter manipulates to examine its impact on the [other] variable.

Answer 27

independent variable

Question 28

In an experiment, the variable that is affected by the manipulation of the [other] variable.

Answer 28

dependent variable

Question 29

A specific type of descriptive method involving systematically assessing and coding observable behavior.

Answer 29

observational studies

Question 30

when an object acts differently because they know they’re being observed.

Answer 30

reactivity

Question 31

Research methods that examine how variables are naturally related in the real world. The researcher makes no attempt to alter the variables or assign causation between them.

Answer 31

correlation methods

Question 32

chemical substances that carry signals from one neuron to another

Answer 32

neurotransmitters

Question 33

potentiates

Answer 33

Agonist

Question 34

blocks

Answer 34

Antagonist

Question 35

the basic units of the nervous system; cells that receive, integrate, and transmit information in the nervous system.

Answer 35

neurons